US Government October 1, 2015

Daily Warm-up:  Why is it important that there is a division of power that exists between the National Government and the States?

Daily Objectives:  Students will be able to…  examine the many and growing areas of cooperative federalism.  students will create a political cartoon related to one of the following types of grants: categorical grants, block grants, and project grants.

Agenda:  1. Daily Warm-up  2. Daily Objective Review  3. Turn in homework  4. Cooperative Federalism—pgs  5. Political Cartoon Creation  6. Section 2 Assessment—pg. 103  Homework: Complete your political cartoon.

The National Government and the 50 States  The United States is a union of States.  The Constitution was created and is intended to preserve that union.  The Constitution:  requires the National Government to guarantee certain things to the States  makes it possible for the National Government to do certain things for the States

The Nation’s Obligations to the States  The Constitution places several obligations on the National Government for the benefit of the States. (Can be found in Article IV.)  Republican Form of Government  The Constitution requires that the National Government guarantee to every state a Republican Form of Government (generally understood to mean a “representative government”).  Following the Civil War, Congress declared that several southern states did not have a republican form because Congress refused to admit senators and representatives from those states until they had ratified the 13 th, 14 th, and 15 th amendments and broadened their laws to recognize voting.

The Nation’s Obligations to the States  Invasion and Internal Disorder  The Constitution also maintains that the National Government must protect a state from invasion.  Today it is clear that any attack on any state would mean an attack on the US itself.  However, in the late 1780’s, it was not certain that all 13 states would stand together if a foreign power attacked one of them.  The federal system assumes that each state will keep the peace within its own borders. However, it does protect against some internal disorder.

The Nation’s Obligations to the States  Respect for Territorial Integrity  The Constitution also respects the legal existence and the physical boundaries of each State.

Admitting New States  Only Congress has the power to admit new States to the Union.  A new State cannot be created by taking territory from one or more of the existing States without the consent of the legislature(s) of the State(s) involved.

Admitting New States  Admission Procedure  The area desiring Statehood first asks Congress for admission.  Congress passes an enabling act directing the people of the territory to frame a proposed State Constitution.  A convention prepares the constitution and is then put to a popular vote in the proposed State.  If voters pass the constitution, it is submitted to Congress for its consideration.  If Congress agrees, they pass an act of admission that creates the new State.  If the President signs the act, the new State enters the Union.

Admitting New States  Conditions for Admission  When Alaska joined the Union, Congress forever prohibited that State from claiming title to any lands legally held by any Native American.  When Utah joined the Union, Congress required that their constitution outlaw polygamy.  Each state enters the Union on equal footing.  Congress cannot set certain conditions of a political nature on the States.

Admitting New States  Conditions for Admission  When Oklahoma joined the Union, Congress stated that they couldn’t move their capital. When they did, the Supreme Court held in Coyle vs. Smith that Congress can set conditions for a prospective State’s admission but they cannot compromise the independence of a State to manage its own internal affairs.

Cooperative Federalism  Read pgs  Discuss:  What is cooperative federalism?  What are federal grants-in-aid?  What is revenue sharing?  What types of federal grants are there?

Political Cartoon Creation Each of you will create a political cartoon of the grant you have been assigned (categorical grants, block grants, and project grants) that illustrates the way money is allocated and spent in each case.