NEY T i

Factors affecting eyewitness testimony: misleading information “Factors affecting the accuracy of eyewitness testimony: misleading information including leading questions and post-event discussion”

Firstly… before we start anything… WHAT IS ‘EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY’?

EWT is a legal term, referring to the use of eyewitnesses to give evidence in court concerning the identity of someone who has committed a crime. What is ‘eyewitness testimony’?

Leading questions

Post-event information

Post-event discussion

Useful real-life applications: The tasks are artificial: Individual differences: Post-event discussion

Write down all the keywords and studies you know about this topic without the help of any resources Eyewitness testimony & misleading information Keywords : Studies : 1) 2) Task 1 (of 4)

Choose two main studies and outline what they found as if you’re being awarded 4 marks for each. Study 1: What does this tell you about EWT & misleading information? Study 2: What does this tell you about EWT & misleading information? Task 2 (of 4)

Choose two main studies and outline their evaluation points as if you’re being awarded 4 marks for each. Evaluation for Study 1:Evaluation for Study 2: Task 3 (of 4)

Loftus conducted a key study with _____________ on EWT. In this study participants were shown _______________ and asked a series of questions including one critical question relating to the ___________ of the cars. Participants were divided into _____ experimental groups. Each group was given a different __________, for example _____________ or ___________. They found that those participants who were given a question with the word ____________ estimated the highest speed. Task 4 (of 4)

Factors affecting eyewitness testimony: anxiety “Factors affecting the accuracy of eyewitness testimony: anxiety”

Task 1 (of 3)– AO1 ‘Anxiety enhances recall’ Supporting research:Opposing research: Make sure you include HOW each piece of research supports the statement

Why is there such a contradiction in research, with some saying that anxiety has a negative effect on EWT and some saying that anxiety enhances recall? 1 11 (x2) …. Suggests that this apparent contradiction in research could best be explained with reference to the ___________________. Diagram: How does Loftus provide support for Steblay’s research? Task 2 (of 3) – Evaluation (AO3)

Add 3 more evaluation points…. Weapon focus effect may not be relevant: Field studies sometimes lack control:There are ethical issues: Task 3 (of 3) – Evaluation (AO3)

What do these pictures have to do with eyewitness testimony? Task 3 – Real World Application

EWT & Misleading information – Presentation time!

EWT & Anxiety – Presentation time!

Meta analysis Fight-or-flight Deffenbacher Curvilinear relationship Yerkes Dodson law anxiety Yuille & Cutshall Alcohol myopia Anastasi & Rhodes Loftus & palmer Steblay Weapon focus effect Johnson & Scott Parker & Carvanza Pickel Johnson & SCott

Meta analysis Age Deffenbacher Curvilinear relationship Yerkes Dodson law anxiety Own age bias Alcohol myopia Anastasi & Rhodes Loftus & palmer Steblay Weapon focus effect Johnson & Scott Parker & Carvanza Poole & Lindsay Memon

Meta analysis Age Deffenbacher Curvilinear relationship Yerkes Dodson law anxiety Own age bias Alcohol myopia Anastasi & Rhodes Loftus & palmer Steblay Weapon focus affect Johnson & Scott Parker & Carvanza Poole & Lindsay Memon Curvilinear relationship Own age bias Johnson & Scott Anastasi & Rhodes Deffenbacher Anastasi & Rhodes Meta analysis Weapon focus effect