TEST THE SECOND: The Life of a Cell Cellular Respiration and “The difference between school and life? In school, you're taught a lesson and then given a test. In life, you're given a test that teaches you a lesson.” Tom Bodett "Testing improves education the same way that bombing promotes democracy“ Steve Cohn, Education professor at Tufts University "If more testing were the answer to the problems in our schools, testing would have solved them a long time ago.“ Bill Goodling, chair of House Education Committee Friday, December 7 th, 2007

Name ___________________________________________ Date ________________ Period __________ Directions: This test is designed to let your teacher know how much information you have learned over the past few weeks, and to allow you to gauge this as well. Remember to think about your notes, and all the examples and demonstrations that we’ve done in class. Read each question carefully and completely before making your response, and make sure that whatever you write answers every part of the question. Do not leave any blank questions or naked numbers. Blank questions will be marked off at double the rate of a wrong answer. Relax, good luck, and enjoy! 0. What is the worst thing to have happen at 6:00 a.m.? 1. What is the purpose of the mitochondrion? A. To create polypeptides. B. To make energy for the cell. C. To make proteins. D. To hook amino acids together._________ 2. What is the function of the cell membrane? 3. The levels of organization for structure and function in the human body from least complex to most complex are A. systems → organs → tissues → cells B. cells → organs → tissues → systems C. tissues → systems → cells → organs D. cells → tissues → organs → systems _________ 4. Which organelle is responsible for helping proteins fold properly? A. Golgi Body B. Ribosome C. Lysosome D. Arcosome _________ 5. A beaker is divided by a membrane as shown below. The membrane is permeable to water, but not to glucose. Draw the appearance of the beaker after several minutes. 6. A student observes that paramecia, when viewed under a microscope, move very rapidly. In order to continue their motion, they must have a lot of energy. The organelle most directly associated with producing this energy is the A. E.R. B. Mitochondrion C. Nucleus D. Chloroplast _________

7. The cell theory states that all cells come from preexisting cells. How, then, do scientists think that the first cell came about? 8. Which process usually uses carbon dioxide molecules? A. cellular respiration B. asexual reproduction C. active transport D. autotrophic nutrition _________ 9. Explain the function of the nucleus. 10. Describe two differences between a plant cell and an animal cell. 11. Eukaryotes are cells which have nuclei, while prokaryotes do not. Give one example of each type of cell. 12. The graph to your starboard shows the concentrations of Some ions both in and outside of a typical animal cell. What process would be directly responsible for moving more K+ or more Mg++ into the cell? A. Electrophoresis B. Active transport D. Diffusion C. Circulation _________ 13. Which part of a cell can be used for storage? A. Vacuole B. Warehouse C. Starch grains D. Chloroplast _________ 14. Which two organ systems provide materials required for the human body to produce ATP? A. Reproductive and excretory B. Digestive and respiratory C. Respiratory and immune D. Digestive and reproductive _________

15. Which part of cellular respiration creates the most ATP? A. Krebs cycle B. Glycolysis C. Reduction D. Electron Transport Chain _________ 16. What is the function of NADH and FADH 2 in cellular respiration? A. They help add phosphates to molecules to give them more energy. B. They move oxygen to the end of the E.T.C. so that it can be the final electron acceptor. C. They carry electrons from glycolysis and Krebs to the E.T.C. D. They act as tugboats to move glucose through cellular respiration. _________ 17. Why do we exhale carbon dioxide? A. It is produced in glycolysis B. It is not needed by the body, so it is simply not absorbed in the lungs C. Three molecules per pyruvate are produced in the Krebs cycle. D. Both B and C. _________ 18. What is the purpose of fermentation? 19. What happens when a molecule is phosphorylated? 20. What is the purpose of “investing” two ATPs at the beginning of glycolysis? 21. Why must oxaloacetate be regenerated in the Krebs cycle? A. If it wasn’t, there would be nothing to add Acetyl CoA to, and the cycle would stop. B. They cycle would stop because no ATP would be delivered by NADH. C. The cycle would continue, using fermentation instead. D. The E.T.C. needs oxaloacetate as the final electron acceptor, so it would stop. _________ 22. When a molecule is oxidized, it A. Looses a neutron B. Gains a neutron C. Looses an electron D. Gains an electron _________ 23. On the diagram of a mitochondrion below, indicate where protons are stored, and show how they move to create ATP.

24 and 25. Draw one plant cell as it would appear had it been placed in a hypertonic solution, and one as it would appear had it been placed in a hypotonic solution. 26. Put a check next to the correct location of the following processes. Cytoplasm Mitochondrion Chloroplast Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain 27. What is the overall purpose of cellular respiration? 28. Why don’t plant cells have to worry about exploding in a hypotonic environment? 29. Why would a cell have to use fermentation? A. There is too much carbon dioxide B. No oxygen is present C. To avoid ATP loss from over-phosphorylation D. Not enough proteins in the E.T.C. _________ 30. The bonds of glucose are broken slowly by cellular respiration. What is released when these bonds are broken? 31. Many herbicides (chemicals that kills unwanted plants) work by disrupting some aspect of cellular respiration. One particular chemical works by disabling the enzyme responsible for turning the pyruvate that is produced by glycolysis into Acetyl CoA, which goes into the Krebs cycle. In a well-organized essay, explain what effects this would have on the process of cellular respiration, on the plant cell, and on the entire plant. Make sure that you explain your answer completely, and include as much detail as you can.