Pedestrian Crash Briefing Aug 2008 NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis 1 Author: Dow Chang NHTSA Technical Report Briefing “National Pedestrian Crash Report” NHTSA Technical Report Briefing “National Pedestrian Crash Report”

Pedestrian Crash Briefing Aug 2008 NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis 2 PurposePurpose Trend in Pedestrian Crashes Crash Location Crash Time Pedestrian Factors Vehicle Driver Factors Other Crash Factors, such as light condition, weather, …

Pedestrian Crash Briefing Aug 2008 NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis 3 Data Sources  Crash Data  Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS)  Final Files and 2006 Annual Report File  General Estimates System (GES) of National Automotive Sampling System (NASS)  Files  Exposure Data  Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT)  Federal Highway Administration  Population  Census Bureau  Walking Miles Traveled (WMT) o Bureau of Transportation Statistics, US DOT

Pedestrian Crash Briefing Aug 2008 NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis 4 Crash Trend Source: FARS and GES 5,321 5,228 4,939 4,763 4,901 4,851 4,774 4,675 4,892 4,784 67,537 70,421 74,828 76,499 76,709 84,623 85,088 92,719 76,337 85, Year Number Pedestrian Crash DeathPedestrian Crash Ped Fatalities and Ped Crashes by Year

Pedestrian Crash Briefing Aug 2008 NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis 5 Crash Trend Source: FARS Year % Percentage of Ped Fatalities by Year

Pedestrian Crash Briefing Aug 2008 NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis 6 Crash Trend Ped Fatality Probability and Crash Probability by Year Source: FARS and GES Year % Fatality ProbabilityCrash Probability

Pedestrian Crash Briefing Aug 2008 NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis 7 Crash Trend Ped Fatality Rate per One Billion VMT by Year Source: FARS and FHWA Highway Statistics Year Pedestrian death per 1 billion VMT

Pedestrian Crash Briefing Aug 2008 NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis 8 Crash Trend Source: FARS Ped Killed by Crash Type and Year 4,876 4,801 4,516 4,340 4,4804,445 4,310 4,237 4,445 4, % 91% 92% 90% 91% Year Pedestrian Fatalities Single Vehicle CrashMultiple Vehicle Crash

Pedestrian Crash Briefing Aug 2008 NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis 9 Crash Location Source: FARS Distribution of Ped Fatalities by Ped Location

Pedestrian Crash Briefing Aug 2008 NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis 10 Crash Location Source: FARS Over three-fourths (78%) of the pedestrians were killed at non-intersections. Two-thirds of pedestrian fatalities (67%) were in city street. Only 13% of U.S. cities or towns (5,658) accounted for those pedestrian fatalities in city street. (total cities: 42,500)

Pedestrian Crash Briefing Aug 2008 NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis 11 Crash Location Source: FARS Distribution of Cities by Number of Ped Killed Killed 9% Over 99 1% 1 Killed 47% 2-9 Killed 43% City Group Number*% 1 Killed2, Killed2, Over Total5, * The number is the total of 10-year period ( ).

Pedestrian Crash Briefing Aug 2008 NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis 12 Crash Location Source: FARS Top 5 Cities With the Highest Ped Fatalities

Pedestrian Crash Briefing Aug 2008 NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis 13 Crash Location Source: FARS Top 3 States With the Highest Ped Fatalities Top 3 States With the Lowest Ped Fatalities

Pedestrian Crash Briefing Aug 2008 NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis 14 Crash Location Source: FARS Distribution of Ped Fatalities by NHTSA Operation Regions 3.1% 17.9% 3.2% 13.5% 9.6% 18.9% 12.3% 14.2% 3.8% 3.5%

Pedestrian Crash Briefing Aug 2008 NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis 15 Crash Density Source: FARS and Census Bureau Average Fatalities Per Capita Pedestrian Fatalities per 100K Population Total Crash Fatalities per 100K Population Average Walking Miles Per Death Unit: 1 million WMT per Pedestrian Fatality VMT per Occupant Fatality Estimated by: Walking Miles Traveled (WMT) / Pedestrian Fatalities Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) / Motor Vehicle Occupant Deaths The data from 2001 National Household Travel Survey. Source: FARS, NHTS 2001, and FHWA

Pedestrian Crash Briefing Aug 2008 NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis 16 Crash Time Source: FARS On average, 13 pedestrians die in vehicle crashes each day, or one pedestrian every 107 minutes. January 1 and October 31 were the two most deadly days of the year, having the highest number of pedestrian fatalities (average 24 & 21 per day). Oct, Nov, and Dec have higher fatality percentages (10% each) than any other month.

Pedestrian Crash Briefing Aug 2008 NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis 17 Crash Time Source: FARS and GES Distribution of Ped Fatalities by Time of Day 3,022 6% 5,730 12% 3,735 8% 4,330 9% 3,514 7% 6,079 12% 12,146 25% 10,281 21% Midnight to 3 a.m. 3 a.m. to 6 a.m.6 a.m. to 9 a.m.9 a.m. to NoonNoon to 3 p.m.3 p.m. to 6 p.m.6 p.m. to 9 p.m.9 p.m. to Midnight

Pedestrian Crash Briefing Aug 2008 NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis 18 Crash Time Source: FARS and GES Ped Fatalities per Crash by Time of Day

Pedestrian Crash Briefing Aug 2008 NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis 19 Crash Time Source: FARS and GES Ped Distribution by Day of the Week Ped Fatalities per Crash by Day of the Week Day of the WeekKilled %Killed/CrashPedestrian KilledPedestrian Crash Sunday ,71878,376 Monday ,149106,604 Tuesday ,321111,597 Wednesday ,511116,370 Thursday ,570118,064 Friday ,111134,533 Saturday ,732103,982

Pedestrian Crash Briefing Aug 2008 NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis 20 Pedestrian Demographics Source: FARS, GES, and Census Bureau Distribution of Ped Fatality and Pop by Sex The probability of a male pedestrian being killed in a crash is 7 per 100, a female is 5 per 100.

Pedestrian Crash Briefing Aug 2008 NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis 21 Pedestrian Demographics Source: FARS, GES, Census Bureau Distribution of Ped Fatality and Pop by Age Group Pop, 21% Pop, 14% Ped Killed, 35% Ped Killed, 21% Ped Killed, 9% Ped Killed, 12% Ped Killed, 23% Pop, 29% Pop, 23% Pop, 13% Child (Under 15)Youth (15-24)Young Adult (25-40)Adult (41-64)Senior (65+)

Pedestrian Crash Briefing Aug 2008 NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis 22 Pedestrian Factor Source: FARS and GES Pedestrian Fatalities per Crash by Age Group Child (Under 15)Youth (15-24)Young Adult (25-40)Adult (41-64)Senior (65+)

Pedestrian Crash Briefing Aug 2008 NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis 23 Pedestrian Factor Source: FARS and GES Distribution of Ped Fatalities by BAC Level BAC.08+, 33% No Alcohol, 63% BAC , 4% When alcohol is involved the probability of the ped being killed in a crash (22/100) is 4 times higher than when no alcohol is involved (5/100).

Pedestrian Crash Briefing Aug 2008 NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis 24 Pedestrian Factor Source: FARS Distribution of Ped Action in Fatal Crashes Improper Crossing In Roadway Fail to Yield Right-of-Way Darting or Running into Road Not VisibleInattentiveFail to Obey Traffic Control OtherUnknown %

Pedestrian Crash Briefing Aug 2008 NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis 25 Vehicle Driver Demographics Source: FARS Distribution of Drivers by Sex in Fatal Ped Crashes Unknown, 10% Male Driver, 65% Female Driver, 25%

Pedestrian Crash Briefing Aug 2008 NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis 26 Vehicle Driver Factor Source: FARS and GES Almost all drivers survived the pedestrian crashes (93%) Most vehicle drivers did not have alcohol (83%) Majority of drivers were not speeding (91%) A pedestrian is still likely to die in a crash even if the driver is obeying the posted speed limit. Pedestrian fatalities per 100 crashes: 55 1 SpeedingNot Speeding

Pedestrian Crash Briefing Aug 2008 NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis 27 Alcohol Involvement Source: FARS Distribution of Ped Fatalities by Ped and Driver Alcohol Involvement The % Distribution of 10-Yr Total Ped Deaths Driver BAC No Alcohol Total Pedestrian BAC No Alcohol 54%2%6%62% %0%1%4% %2%6%34% Total 83%4%13%100% Source: FARS (Final) 2006 (ARF)

Pedestrian Crash Briefing Aug 2008 NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis 28 Vehicle Driver Factor Source: FARS One in five pedestrians was killed in hit-and-run motor vehicle crashes Hit-and-Run Vehicle Driver Driving over Posted Limit Fail to Yield Right-of-Way DrugsInattentiveFail to keep in Proper Lane Other Non- Moving Traffic Violation Operating Vehicle in Reckless Manner Non-Traffic Violation Charged OthersUnknown % Driver Distribution by Behavior in Fatal Ped Crashes

Pedestrian Crash Briefing Aug 2008 NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis 29 Other: Weather Source: FARS and GES Distribution of Ped Fatalities by Weather Condition No Adverse Condition RainSleetSnowFogOtherUnknown % No Adverse Condition RainSleetSnowFogOther Ped Fatalities per Crash by Weather Condition

Pedestrian Crash Briefing Aug 2008 NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis 30 Other: Light Condition Source: FARS and GES DaylightDarkDark but Lighted Dawn Dusk % DaylightDark but Lighted DawnDusk Distribution of Ped Fatalities by Light Condition. Ped Fatalities per Crash by Light Condition

Pedestrian Crash Briefing Aug 2008 NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis 31 Other: Posted Speed Limits Source: FARS and GES No Limit PostUnder Ped Fatalities per Crash by Posted Speed Limits

Pedestrian Crash Briefing Aug 2008 NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis 32 Review Key Findings Although pedestrian fatalities declined between 1997 and 2006, the probability of a pedestrian fatality in a crash increased. Nationwide, a pedestrian crash death occurred every 70 million miles walked. Males have a much higher probability than females to be killed. People 65 and older have a much greater possibility than other age groups to be killed in a crash. As a pedestrian’s BAC increases, the probability of a pedestrian getting killed in a crash increases.

Pedestrian Crash Briefing Aug 2008 NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis 33 Questions?