Solar Thermal Refrigeration 1 Next…

Important The following short presentation is a basic understanding of how the Solar Thermal process works. For a more detailed technical explanation of the technology, please request an NDA on the following email: ed@coolroi.com Solar Collector 2

Understanding the Prerequisites The Solar Thermal Process Solar Collector 3 Next…

Temperature increase does not always equal pressure increase. Prerequisite - The Ideal Gas Law In the refrigeration process, the refrigerant is in gaseous state as it leaves the evaporator through to the condenser. Therefore within the process of solar thermal refrigeration, the Ideal Gas Law applies. Temperature increase does not always equal pressure increase. 4 Next…

Prerequisite - Compression & Absorption In1926, Albert Einstein and one of his then top students Leo Szilard, invented the first fully functional refrigerator - using the absorption process. Solar thermal refrigeration is in essence a more modern day version of the Einstein–Szilard refrigeration process. The main difference being that we are partnering the modern day compression cycle with The absorption process. In the absorption cycle, heating the refrigerant was generally achieved by burning a fuel (oil or gas), in contrast we use the free energy provided by the sun to heat the refrigerant, in essence taking over the workload of the compressor and therefore substantially reducing the energy consumed. 5 Next…

Prerequisite – Partnering The patented process of solar thermal refrigeration is designed to work with all types of modern day variable flow refrigeration technology, such as DC Invertor, Staged Compression and Digital Control systems. Invertor and Digital Scroll The general engineering make up the compressors design is to produce fluctuating loads, subject to the whole systems requirement. Therefore when the load requirement is low, the compressor will logically run at low speed. Some modern technologies can now run as low as 10% of their available capacity. Fixed speed staged As with fluctuating load systems, in the case of multistage compression, additional compressors enter the phased platform to satisfy load demand, and therefore numbers reduce as the load requirement reduces. 6 Next…

System in normal run process Staged Compression System in normal run process Expansion Valve Condenser Assuming full load is required, all compressors will run. Compressor 7 Evaporator

System with solar thermal compression Staged Compression System with solar thermal compression Expansion Valve Condenser The panel absorbs the UV radiance from the sun, creating free heat. Subsequently heating the refrigerant gas as it passes through the heat exchanger… Compressor 8 Evaporator

At this point, we now have a distinct change in thermal energy. Raising the internal energy within the solar collector A higher value of kinetic energy within the gas molecules Intermolecular forces weaken, and the molecules space out The molecules now move with a higher velocity All resulting in an increased volume flow… 9

System with Solar Collection Staged Compression Removing the heat – We now have a hugely increased DeltaT. This combined with the increased kinetic energy of the gas molecules, effectively increases the surface area of the condenser. Due to the increase in molecular velocity, most, if not all of the pressure produced from the additional heat is released in mass volume flow and subsequent volume conversion within the condenser and expansion valve. Solar Collector NRV Expansion Valve Finally, this results in a reduced energy demand as the compressors begin to shut down as the sun takes over the load requirement Condenser Compressor 10 Evaporator System with Solar Collection

Very important Those who may be concerned how the condenser addresses any additional heat generated by Solar Thermal: First and foremost, the systems condenser is designed to manage the compressors running at full load. The reality is when the sun is in the sky (the time when most systems run at full load), the system will ensure that all compressors virtually never run at full load. We actually want the heat from the solar panel, utilising the heat (temperature not pressure) we increase the gas molecules kinetic energy, hence increasing the mass volume flow, and additionally creating an improved Delta T therefore enhancing the efficiency of the heat exchanger (condenser). All Refrigeration and A/C systems are manufactured to a very specific design point, e.g. for A/C systems ISO 5151. This point sets the capacities for the compressor, condenser and all other parts. The facts covered in the second paragraph above allows the system to easily cope with any additional heat, as is shown here and further clarified in third party testing data (T after condenser): 10kW system without solar thermal T-discharge T-after condenser 10kW system with solar thermal T-after panel T-discharge T-after condenser 11

Official Testing Data The Solar Thermal Process 12 Next…

The illustration below demonstrates the energy usage on a solar thermal assisted DC inverter system in comparison to an identical A+ rated DC inverter system. A clear cut case of ‘the hotter it gets’ the less the system works’ – and as importantly the more the comparison A+ system works. Solar thermal system Non solar Inverter Data Measurement kWh 13

Temperatures and Pressures Data Measurement 58.4°C 28.4°C 24.8°C 22.8°C 16.35bar 16.31bar 10.3°C 9.7bar 137°F 83°F 77°F 73°F 237.1psi 236.5psi 50.5°F 141psi . 14

International, actively defended patent pending technology Intellectual Property Protection – all our products using Solar Thermal and/or other third party heat exchangers between the compressor and the condenser are internationally patent pending. We will, without hesitation commence litigation with any company or individual attempting any type of IP infringement of our technologies. 15 www.coolroi.com