Elements are arranged: Vertically into Groups and Families Rows - Horizontally Into Groups / families have similar properties - such as valence electrons Properties change from left to right

Valence Electrons Electrons in the outermost energy level, used for bonding Full set of valence electrons is 8

The group 2 atoms all have 2 electrons in their outer shells Be (Beryllium) Atom Mg (Magnesium) Atom

Alkali Metals- Group 1 Valence electron = 1 Soft, silvery colored metals Very reactive!!! especially with WATER Always combined with something else in nature (like in salt). edu/webdata/U sers/DMcDowel l/GenChem/alka lishow.html

Alkaline Earth Metals- Group 2 Valence electrons = 2 Silvery-White Metals Fairly reactive Many are found in rocks in the earth’s crust

Transition Metals- Groups 3-12 Valence electrons = 1 or 2 Malleable (easily bent/hammered into wires or sheets) Most are good Conductors of electricity

Lanthanide Series Actinide Series Inner Transition Metals- Periods 6 and 7

Boron Group- Group 13 Valence electrons = 3 Reactive Solids at room temp

Carbon Group- Group 14 Valence Electrons = 4 Solids at room temp

Nitrogen Group- Group 15 Valence Electrons = 5 All solids at room temp except nitrogen

Oxygen Group- Group 16 Valence Electrons = 6 All solids except Oxygen

Valence Electrons = 7 Most are Poisonous Fairly reactive Poor conductors Halogens- Group 17

Are “HAPPY” Valence Electrons = 8 They don’t generally lose or gain electrons Unreactive Gases at room temperature Noble Gases- Group 18

Jellyfish lamps made with noble gases artist- Eric EhlenbergerEric Ehlenberger

Colors Noble Gases produce in lamp tubes: Ne (Neon): orange-red Ar (Argon): pale lavender He (Helium): pale peach Kr (Krypton): pale silver Xe (Xenon): pale, deep blue

Hydrogen In a group by itself Valence Electrons = 1 Very Reactive