Human Biology B – Mrs. Yates Disclosure Parent Permission Slip Rules Be on time Respect - talking No cell phones No complaining Don’t misuse hall pass

SKELETAL SYSTEM Human B – Mrs. Yates Human skeleton from Andreas Vesalius's Fabrica (1543) SKELETAL SYSTEM Human B – Mrs. Yates

Bell Quiz Day 1 1. How many bones do you think are in the human body? 2. What is your largest bone? 3. What is your smallest bone? 4. Name five bones that you already know 5. How many bones are you born with?

Bell Quiz Day 2 Define the following: Anterior Lateral Posterior Sagittal Define the following vocab words: Corac Carp Cervic Cox Condyl

Vocabulary 1. aur- 10. arthr(o)- 2. –poiesis 11. carp- 3. brachi- 12. cervic 4. oss- 13. dia- 5. burso 14. cox(a), pelv 6. –genesis 15. dactyl, digit 7. ax- 16. fov- 8. front- 17. scolio 9. corac- 18. condyl-

Aur Ear Auricle Poiesis Production Brachi Arm Oss Bone Burs(o) Bursa Genesis Born, beginning Ax Axis Axilla Front Forehead Frontis Arthr (o) Joint Arthrodia Carp Wrist Carpal Tunnel

Cervic Pertaining to neck cervix Dia Across, through Diachronic Cox, pelv Hip, hip joint Coxodynia Fov Pit Fovea Scolio Twisted Scoliosis Corac Beak like Coracoid process Condyl Knob Dactyl Finger, toes

Axial Skeleton Skull Ribs Vertebrae

Skull – 22 bones Two parts Cranium bones - 8 Facial bones -14 Not fully developed at birth Thickness ~ 2 mm Frontal Male 2.954mm Female 2.019mm Occipital Male 3.573mm 2.972mm Right euryon Male 1.838mm 1.961mm Left euryon Male 1.724mm 1.537mm

Cranium (8)– bones that enclose the brain

Cranium A. Frontal bone B. Parietal bone (paired) C. Occipital bone D. Temporal bone (paired) E. Sphenoid (connects cranium to facial) F. Ethmoid (roof and sides of the nasal passage)

Facial – (14) Bones not enclosing brain

Facial G. Lacrimal (2) H. Nasal Bone (2) I. Zygomatic (2) Cheek bones J. Maxilla (2) upper jaw K. Mandible *Only movable joint in the skull. M. Vomer – Nasal Septum Bone N. Palatine (2)

Color Code the Brain A-L and sutures (a,b,c)

Frontal Bone Contains 2 sinuses

Frontal - damage A) before surgery B) CT scans C) during surgery D) reconstruction of frontal plates E) two years after surgery

Parietal Bone - 2

Unusually aggressive forms of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma are being increasingly recognized as a complication of HIV infection. We report the case of a 59-year- old male patient with advanced HIV infection who presented with a highly aggressive SCC lesion over the scalp area with destruction of the underlying parietal bone and fulminant clinical progression.

Occipital Bone

War of the roses - 1491

Temporal - 2

Temporal- Occipital region

Sphenoid (pg. 139) Batman Bone Contains sinuses

Ethmoid bone Upper portion of nasal septum Contains sinuses

Vomer bone Bottom part of nasal septum

Sutures (a,b,c) Lines where bones meet, immovable joints.

Fontanels Soft spots with no bones when babies are born. (Connective tissue)

As a fetus develops, its brain grows rapidly As a fetus develops, its brain grows rapidly. The skull is growing as well but can not keep up. Fusion of the bones begins, but will complete after birth. A new born generally has 2 frontal bones, 4 occipital bones, and several sphenoid and temporal bones. These bones are held together by fontanels.

Foramen Magnum Opening in occipital bone for spinal cord exit.

External Auditory Meatus Opening in temporal bone for ear canals

Styloid Process Sharp bone projection to help anchor muscles association with the tongue.

Mastoid Process Projection from skull

Facial Bones

Lacrimal (2) Thin and scale like Fragile Near tear ducts

Nasal Bone (2) Two rectangles that form the bridge of the nose

Zygomatic Bone (2) Cheek bones. ‘Zygomatic Arch’ connects to the temporal bone.

Maxilla (2) Form the floor of the nasal cavity and the roof of the oral cavity (hard palate). Upper jaw

Mandible Only moveable face bone

Ossicles Bones of the ear Smallest bones in body Malleus Incus Stapes Hammer Anvil Stirrup

Hyoid Attachment for movement of the tongue doesn’t touch any other bones Only floating bone