SCENARIO-BASED GENERATION OF DIGITAL LIBRARY SERVICES Rohit Kelapure, Marcos André Gonçalves, Edward A. Fox Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA

Acknowledgements NSF Grants CITIDEL: DUE DL-in-a-box: DUE ETANA: ITR GetSmart: DUE OAD: IIS Others AOL Capes (Brazilian funding agency) Mellon: AmericanSouth.org

Outline Problem Approach 5S, 5SL 5SLGen Case Studies Conclusion and Future Work

Problems Lack of general models for Digital Libraries (DLs) Little focus on simplifying the process of modeling and building DLs Divergent DL architectures Monolithic: Tightly integrated and generally inflexible Componentized: A network of interoperable components aggregated without a design methodology

Problems (contd.) Lack of DL-specific modeling languages, software toolkits, prototyping and CASE tools Lack of a scenario-based requirements analysis and design approach to DLs Implication: Problems with Interoperability Customizability

Approach Based on the formal 5S theory Streams, Structures, Spaces, Scenarios and Societies Use of Domain-specific declarative languages (5SL) Scenario-based requirements analysis and design Componentized architectures Automatic transformations/mappings from models to code Special attention paid to issues of flexibility, reusability, and extensibility

Approach: 5SLGen 5SLGen is a new generic digital library generator. It has been developed, implemented, and deployed in several applications. 5SLGen yields implementations of digital library services from models of DL “societies” and “scenarios” (and from the other “Ss”).

5S Model/ 5SL ModelObjectivePrimitives in 5SL StreamsDescribes properties of the DL content text, audio, video, pictures, … StructuresSpecifies organizational aspects of the DL content digital object, metadata schema, collection, … SpacesDefines logical properties and presentational views of a DL vector, probabilistic, boolean, … ScenariosDetails the behavior of DL servicesservice, event, message, condition, action, state, … SocietiesDefines managers, (responsible for running DL services); actors (those who use services) and their relationships Service Managers, actors (e.g., learners, teachers, naïve users)

5SLGen: Model

Overview Architecture for DL Modeling and Generation 5S Meta Model 5SGraph DL Expert DL Designer 5SL DL Models 5SLGen Practitioner Researcher Tailored DL Services Teacher c omponent pool ODLSearch, ODLBrowse, ODLRate, ODLReview, …….

5SLGen:Architecture 5SLScenarios Model DL Designer 5SLGen 5SLSocieties Model Societies converter Scenarios converter Java Classes Model XMI Serialized 5SLSocieties model Java Controller Class Synthesized Statechart import Component Pool ODL Browse Java Wrapping ODL Search Java Wrapping JSP User Interface View Web Designer DLServices Implementation 5SFramework

Societies-converter: Workflow JDOM Transform XMI:Class Model Xmi2Java Java Classes Model Java Mapper XMI Serializer Societies-converter 5SLSocieties Model DL Designer JDOM Transform XMI:Class Model Xmi2Java Java Classes Model Java Mapper XMI Serializer XMI Serializer Societies-converter 5SLSocieties Model 5SLSocieties Model DL Designer Java Represen- tation. 5SLGen:Architecture

Scenarios-Converter: Workflow Scenarios-converter JDOM Transform 5SLScenarios Model Scenario Synthesizer Java Controller Class Synthesized Statechart State Machine Compiler DL Designer State- design pattern

Relevance Feedback Search Service UML Sequence Diagram Event seq.no. = 3 5SLScenarios instance 5SLScenarios instance

Scenarios-converter: Scenario-Synthesis

Scenarios-converter: Scenario-Synthesis (contd.)

Synthesized-Statechart Component statecharts

Generated DLs Union Catalog Simple DL with maximum reuse 2 components used: Search and Browse CITIDEL, including VIADUCT Aggregates all the 5SLSocieties and 5SLScenarios models for its elementary services

Generated DL Services CITIDEL: Relevance Feedback Search Service Demonstrate extensibility with the ODL Search component CITIDEL: Profile Based Filtering Service Demonstrate reusability with the ODL Browse component CITIDEL: Multi-Classification Browsing Service Generate complex services without any component reuse CITIDEL: Binding Service Complete the set of CITIDEL services

Profile Based Filtering (PBF) Service 5SFramework Model Controlle r View ODL-Browse componenent

Conclusion Introduced a scenario-based approach to the generation of componentized DLs Applied the 5SFramework for generation of DLs Partially validated the theory of 5S Demonstrated that complex DLs can be built on the basis of a formal theory Adherence to open standards (OAI-PMH, ODL, XMI, UML) and established design patterns (MVC, GOF’s State) ensures relevance and extensibility of our work.

Future Work Integration of 5SLGen with 5SGraph5SGraph Improvements to 5SFramework architecture Scalability of the generated DLs and DL services Automated construction of user-interfaces with statecharts Support for transaction scoping and error handling Web services support Incorporating the uPortal framework Model Validation Personalization of the 5S approach using PIPE