Point of Contact :Doug Ingerson Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 Bldg 205 Atlantic City Int'l Airport, NJ USA tel: fax: web page: Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ USA International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Atlantic City, NJ USA – 1-2November2005 Engine Nacelle Halon Replacement

Slide #2 Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ USA International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Atlantic City, NJ USA – 1-2November2005 PRESENTATION CONTENTS  REVIEW EQUIVALENCE DATA TO DATE  DISCUSS PROGRESS REGARDING OBSERVED OVER-PRESSURES  DISCUSS STATUS

Slide #3 Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ USA International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Atlantic City, NJ USA – 1-2November2005 REVIEWING EQUIVALENCE DATA TO DATE Agent Ventilation configuration Fire Threat Equivalent Concentration (%v/v) {FIXED DURATION/OBSOLETE VALUES IN BRACES} HFC-125 High JP8 spray17.5 {16.9} JP8 pool7.6 {9.6} Low OIL spray16.4 (a) {15.8} JP8 pool8.1 (a) {not determined} CF3I High JP8 spray5.6 {5.8} JP8 poolIncomplete Low OIL spray7.2 (a,b) {7.2} JP8 poolIncomplete (a) Bracketing method used to find mass equivalent (b) Partial result, JP8 verification incomplete as of November 2005

Slide #4 Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ USA International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Atlantic City, NJ USA – 1-2November2005 REVIEWING EQUIVALENCE DATA TO DATE AgentFuel Peak, Critical or Design Concentration (%v/v) REFERENCE CF3I PROPANE6.5 (p)NFPA 2001, TABLE A JP8 SPRAY3.2 (c)NIST SP890, V.2, TBL 10, p.115 JP8 POOL6.8 (c)NIST SP890, V.2, TBL 10, p.115 OIL7.2 (d)FAATC; none; work in progress... HFC-125 METHANE14.7 (p)NFPA 2001, TABLE A PROPANE15.7 (p)NFPA 2001, TABLE A PROPANE  12.6 (p) NIST SP890, V.2, FIG. 41, p.78 JP8 SPRAY8.7 (c)NIST SP890, V.2, TBL 10, p.115 JP8 POOL12 (c)NIST SP890, V.2, TBL 10, p.115 JP8 SPRAY, LoVent25.4 (d)AFRL-VA-WP-TR JP8 SPRAY, HiVent18.2 (d)AFRL-VA-WP-TR JP817.5 (d)FAATC; none; work in progress... OTHER REPORTED or CALCULATED CONCENTRATIONS

Slide #5 Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ USA International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Atlantic City, NJ USA – 1-2November2005 OVER-PRESSURE BEHAVIOR – BRIEF OVERVIEW  IN 2004, TWO HALON REPLACEMENT CANDIDATES WERE OBSERVED TO PRODUCE OVER-PRESSURE PHENOMENA SUBSEQUENT TO REIGNITION WITHIN THE TEST FIXTURE FLOW PATH  2-BTP  HFC-125  HFC-125 & 2-BTP APPEARED TO ACT AS A FUEL IN SOME INSTANCES  THE PHENOMENA WAS NOT 100% RELIABLE  INVESTIGATION REQUIRED DUE TO FREQUENT OCCURRENCE  OUTCOMES  2-BTP WITHDRAWN FROM CONSIDERATION  ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIORS FOR HFC-125 DURING OVER- PRESSURE EVENTS WILL BE RECORDED IN NEAR-TERM TESTING TO PERMIT FUTURE DECISION-MAKING ACTIVITY

Slide #6 Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ USA International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Atlantic City, NJ USA – 1-2November2005 OVER-PRESSURE BEHAVIOR – SCHEMATIC ORIENTATION RETURN SPRAY FIRE ZONE. AGENT INJECTION DUCT INTERFACE. TEST SECTION EXIT = 22” DIA EXHAUST DUCT ENTRANCE = 33” DIA GAP BETWEEN CIRCULAR PLANES = 8” ~ 240 Inches ~ 123 Inches ~ 65 Inches AIR FLOW RED EXHAUST DUCT TEST SECTION

Slide #7 Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ USA International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Atlantic City, NJ USA – 1-2November2005 OVER-PRESSURE BEHAVIOR – DUCT INTERFACE IMAGE DUCT INTERFACE.

Slide #8 Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ USA International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Atlantic City, NJ USA – 1-2November2005 OVER-PRESSURE BEHAVIOR – ACTIVITIES/PLANS TO DATE  INSTRUMENTATION IS INSTALLED IN TEST FIXTURE & RED DUCT TO CAPTURE ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIORS DURING OVER-PRESSURE EVENTS  4 THERMOCOUPLES TO MONITOR TEMPERATURES IN RED DUCT  2 PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS TO RECORD STATIC PRESSURE  4 PHOTOCONDUCTIVE PHOTODIODES TO DETECT FLAME  DUCT INTERFACE CAN BE ISOLATED FROM TEST BAY  MINIMIZED THE IMPACT ON THE VENTILATION STREAM ASSOCIATED WITH DUCT INTERFACE ISOLATION  PERFORMING ANALYTICAL EVALUATIONS OF THE DUCT INTERFACE  BERNOULLI VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS  1 ST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS  WILL RECORD ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIORS NEAR-TERM  FIRE TESTING WITH NO AGENT, HALON 1301, & HFC-125  OIL & JP8 (??) SPRAY FIRES  DUCT INTERFACE OPEN & CLOSED

Slide #9 Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ USA International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Atlantic City, NJ USA – 1-2November2005 OVER-PRESSURE –TELEMETRY PLACEMENT STA 502 THERMOCOUPLE PHOTOCONDUCTIVE PHOTODIODE STATIC PRESSURE TRANSDUCER THERMOCOUPLES SPACED EVERY 2 FEET ALONG 12:00 & THE BEADS ARE LOCATED 8 INCHES OFF THE DUCT WALL PHOTODIODES ORIENTED TO VIEW 12:00 AT SPRAY FIRE ZONE, EXHAUST NOZZLE ENTRANCE, EXHAUST NOZZLE EXIT, & RED DUCT PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS RECORD STATIC PRESSURE IN TEST SECTION & THE RED DUCT

Slide #10 Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ USA International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Atlantic City, NJ USA – 1-2November2005 OVER-PRESSURE –TELEMETRY BEHAVIORS/OPEN DUCT INTERFACE INLET TEMPERATURE = 90°F BULK AIR TEMPERATURE = 250°F D/I open, duct vents closed

Slide #11 Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ USA International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Atlantic City, NJ USA – 1-2November2005 OVER-PRESSURE –TELEMETRY BEHAVIORS/CLOSED DUCT INTERFACE INLET TEMPERATURE = 93°F BULK AIR TEMPERATURE = 250°F D/I closed, duct vents open to 512 in^2

Slide #12 Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ USA International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Atlantic City, NJ USA – 1-2November2005 OVER-PRESSURE BEHAVIOR – ANALYTICAL EVALUATION  RECORD STATIC PRESSURE IN RED DUCT AT 2 LOCATIONS  21 INCHES FROM INLET & 7 INCHES OFF DUCT WALL (21/7)  16 INCHES FROM INLET & 4 INCHES OFF DUCT WALL (16/4)  ALL FLOWS WERE THE SAME TEMPERATURE; NON-COMBUSTING  WORKED WITH STREAM LINES FROM TEST BAY INTO RED DUCT; SMOKE TRAIL OBSERVATIONS INDICATED :  21/7 WAS IN THE FLUCTUATION BETWEEN THE TEST BAY EDUCTION FLOW & THE TEST SECTION EJECTA  16/4 WAS IN THE TEST BAY EDUCTION FLOW SOLELY  VELOCITIES (mass flows identified in parentheses are based on an assumption that speed is an average value for the annular surface area of the duct inlet where test bay air is entering; i.e. Q=AV; A=0.31 m^2)  21/7 :  T_bay= 13°C, V = 3 m/s (mdot  1.1 kg/s)  T_bay= 26°C, V = 2.9 m/s (mdot  1.1 kg/s)  16/4 : T_bay= 26°C, V = 3.3 m/s (mdot  1.2 kg/s) BERNOULLI VELOCITY ANALYSIS

Slide #13 Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ USA International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Atlantic City, NJ USA – 1-2November2005 OVER-PRESSURE BEHAVIOR – ANALYTICAL EVALUATION BERNOULLI VELOCITY ANALYSIS

Slide #14 Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ USA International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Atlantic City, NJ USA – 1-2November2005 OVER-PRESSURE BEHAVIOR – ANALYTICAL EVALUATION 25Sep05 BERNOULLI VELOCITY ANALYSIS

Slide #15 Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ USA International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Atlantic City, NJ USA – 1-2November2005 OVER-PRESSURE BEHAVIOR – ANALYTICAL EVALUATION  CONTAINED DUCT INTERFACE WITHIN A CONTROL VOLUME (CV)  NON-COMBUSTING FLOW CONDITIONS  ESTIMATING MASS FLOW FROM THE TEST BAY INTO RED DUCT  THE PROBLEM IS UNDER-SPECIFIED  THE CV WAS “MODELED” FOR VARIABLE INPUTS TO OBSERVE BEHAVIOR OVER A RANGE OF CONDITIONS  HEAT TRANSFER TO THE BAY ASSUMED NEGLIGIBLE  WORK = 0  MASS FLOW FROM THE TEST SECTION IS REASONABLY SIMILAR ACROSS THE AMBIENT CONDITIONS TO TREAT AS A CONSTANT VALUE (1 lbm/s +/- 0.1 lbm/s; 0.45 kg/s +/ kg/s) 1 ST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

Slide #16 Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ USA International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Atlantic City, NJ USA – 1-2November2005 OVER-PRESSURE BEHAVIOR – ANALYTICAL EVALUATION 1 ST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS red duct, inlet to exhaust test section, exhaust nozzle Control Volume

Slide #17 Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ USA International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Atlantic City, NJ USA – 1-2November2005 OVER-PRESSURE BEHAVIOR – ANALYTICAL EVALUATION 1 ST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

Slide #18 Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ USA International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Atlantic City, NJ USA – 1-2November2005 OVER-PRESSURE BEHAVIOR – ANALYTICAL EVALUATION 1 ST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS TEST BAY = 29°C JUMP TO TEST FIXTURE SCHEMATIC

Slide #19 Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ USA International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Atlantic City, NJ USA – 1-2November2005 OVER-PRESSURE BEHAVIOR – SUMMATION TO DATE  TEST FIXTURE IS READY FOR TESTING IN OPEN & CLOSED DUCT INTEFACE CONFIGURATIONS  ANALYSIS OF VENTILATION AT DUCT INTERFACE NEARING COMPLETION  SPEEDS FOR RED DUCT & TEST BAY FLOWS HAVE NEGLIGIBLE IMPACT ON CALCULATIONS FOR TEST BAY MASS FLOWS  ONLY WHEN AIR TEMPERATURE DIFFERS BETWEEN TEST SECTION & TEST BAY  NEGLIGIBLE IMPACT ILLUSTRATED BY CALCULATED CURVES IN THE REASONABLE REGION OF BULK TEMPERATURE FOR THE RED DUCT FLOW ( °F/65-93°C)  THE GREATEST SENSITIVITY TO THE FLOW SPEEDS EXISTS WHEN THE 3 MASS FLOWS ARE THE SAME TEMPERATURE  ESTIMATING 1 kg/s OR LESS ENTERING RED DUCT FROM THE TEST BAY VIA THE INTERFACE  FUEL/AIR RATIOS TO BE CALCULATED

Slide #20 Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ USA International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group Atlantic City, NJ USA – 1-2November2005 CURRENT STATUS  NEED TO COMPLETE :  HFC-125 OVER-PRESSURE CHARACTERIZATION  WORKING ON FUEL-AIR RATIO INFORMATION FOR JP8, OIL, & HYDRAULIC FLUID  TEST PLAN REQUIRES FINALIZATION  CF3I EQUIVALENCE TESTING  JP8 POOL, HIGH & LOW VENTILATION  JP8 SPRAY, LOW VENTILATION  COLD-SOAK HFC-125 PROOF (FIRE) TESTS  WRITE/PUBLISH REPORT & MPSE  WILL CONSOLODATE WORDS FORMING MPSE & PASS AROUND TO TASK GROUP FOR COMMENT  MPSE TO BE APPENDIX MATERIAL IN FINAL REPORT  REPORT BODY TO DESCRIBE HISTORY & LESSONS LEARNED  DRAFT REPORT DUE SEP 2006