Group One: The Cardiovascular System John Williamson Katherine Bell Matt Farina
Focus Questions: How does air get into the lungs? What is the role of the diaphragm?
What is the path of air into the lungs? Mouth/Nose Pharynx EpiglottisLarynx Trachea Bronchial Tree Alveoli
Nasal and Oral Cavities Nasal Cavity: Prepares and conditions outside air for lungs Oral Cavity: Used for respiration when higher intake of oxygen is needed
Pharynx The throat Connects the Mouth and Nose to the Larynx Also connects to the esophagus
Epiglottis Tissue flap that covers the entrance to the Larynx Closes of Larynx when swallowing to protect the lungs
Larynx Entrance to the Trachea Contains the vocal chords which determine sound production and pitch –The Glottis is the opening between the vocal chords
Trachea Downward airway towards the lungs, single path Branches into the two bronchi which enter the left and right lungs
Brachial Tree Multiple airways that continue to narrow and divide throughout each lung Branch out to provide greater surface area Bronchi Bronchiole Alveolar Duct
Alveoli Form alveolar sacs at the end of each “branch” An Air sac that fills with air to bring oxygen to the capillaries that surround the sac.
Diaphragm - Contracts and pulls down to inflate lungs during inhalation - Relaxes to exhale - As diaphragm ascends, thoracic pressure increases, helping blood circulation
Diaphragm Composed of two parts: a central aponeurotic part and a peripheral muscle part Muscle divided into Sternal, Costal, and Lumbar parts Muscular composition allows diaphragm to ascend and descend
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What is the Chamber in which air is moistened, warmed and filtered. The Nasal Cavity
What is the Third Structure Air enters when air is being transferred into the lungs? The Epiglottis
What is the function of the Pharynx? The Pharynx is an airway that connects the nasal cavity and oral cavity with the larynx. It also connects with the esophagus.
Describe and situation in which a persons inhalation rate would increase and why this is necessary. When someone is engaging in physical activity, more oxygen is needed for their cells because they are more active and working harder. Breathing at a heavier rate increases oxygen intake.
The tissue like flap at the entrance to the larynx. The Epiglottis
Order these components of the Respiratory System: Bronchial Tree, Larynx, Epiglottis, Alveoli 1. Epiglottis 2.Larynx 3.Bronchial Tree 4.Alveoli
Why are the Alveolar Sacs covered in pulmonary capillaries? Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen need to diffuse between the alveoli and pulmonary capillaries in order to reach other parts of the body (Carbon Dioxide LEAVE the body)
If food enters the larynx what element of the respiratory system failed to do its “job”. The Epiglottis
What is the central passageway leading towards the lungs? The Trachea
What is the correct order of: The Larynx, Pharynx, and Epiglottis. Pharynx Epiglottis Larynx
What is the function of the Bronchial Tree? To increase the surface for gas exchange. (ex. Absorbing oxygen).
Based on your knowledge which animal would have more efficient lungs a sloth of a leopard? A leopard.
What is the diaphragm? The Diaphragm is the muscle sheet between the chest and abdominal cavity that is responsible for inhaling and exhaling.
Which comes first the nasal or oral cavity? Neither
What is the function of the Larynx? The Larynx allows for sound production (vocal cords) and well as an enterence to the trachea.
What is the position of the diaphragm when someone is holding their breath? The diaphragm is in a contracted position.
Which components of the Respiratory system are shared with the digestive system? The Oral Cavity The Pharynx
Describe the entire pathway in which air enters the Lungs. (7 total parts) Mouth/Nose Pharynx Epiglottis Larynx Trachea Bronchial Tree Alveoli
What is the bronchus (plural bronchi) covered in? Describe its function. The lining of the bronchi is covered in cilia and mucus-secreting cells. (Thus giving it increased surface area). The cilia also sweeps debris covered mucus towards the mouth where it is expelled or swallowed.
Explain How the Heimlich Maneuver works. When done correctly, the Heimlich Maneuver lifts the diaphragm. This causes a quick decrease in the volume of the thoracic cavity and a quick increase in the alveolar pressure. Air is then forced up the trachea because of the increased pressure and the pressure may be enough to dislodge the obstruction.
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References c.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/humrespsys_1.gif c.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/humrespsys_1.gif (Pictures used) Cecie, Ralph, and Taggart Starr. Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life. 9 th edition. Pacific Grove CA: Brooks/Cole Thompson Learning, Print. http: //download.videohelp.com/vitualis/med/diaphram.htm http: //download.videohelp.com/vitualis/med/diaphram.htm anbody/RespiratorySystem/WindpipeBronchialTree/41b.gif