Chesapeake v. New England Colonies  With your partner, compare and contrast the Chesapeake and New England colonies using the Venn diagram.  Use your prior knowledge, notes, homework, classwork, and textbook to help!  Be MAGPIES! REVIEW

SWBAT: Explain why the demand for slaves increased in North America THE SLAVE TRADE

 What was the chief crop produced by Western Hemisphere slaves?  How is the work of growing and harvesting the crop divided? Does it look like men and women did similar or different jobs? DO NOW

 Individually read, “The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano”  Annotate the text as you read  Discuss the question at the end of the excerpt with your partner. READING

 Atlantic Slave Trade Infographic Atlantic Slave Trade Infographic  What conclusions can you draw from this infographic? THE MIDDLE PASSAGE

 Statistics  million slaves transported to New World  70% of slaves are male  Mortality rates  3 week journey = 5% mortality rate  3 month journey = 20% mortality rate  1.5 million died overall (14%)  1 in 10 voyages had a staged revolt  100,000 died in these insurrections THE MIDDLE PASSAGE

 Rebellion, sabotage & escape  From the Latin American Spanish word cimarrón: “feral animal, fugitive, runaway”  African refugees, & their dependents, who escaped slavery in the Americas & formed independent settlements “MAROONS”

 Abundance of land  Need for labor  Crops grown for export (sugar, tobacco, rice)  Previous enslavement of Indians  Slaves could not claim protections of English common law as indentured servants could  Terms of service never expire REASONS FOR SLAVERY

 Burned for 4 days  Broke out in the house of King Charles II’s baker on Pudding Lane near London Bridge  No need to go to New World for jobs  Need for slaves increased THE GREAT FIRE OF LONDON 1666

 Labor need  Africans were already enslaving each other  Prejudice came first  “Unthinking decision” - it just happened THEORIES

 The colonies/United States imported 6% of the slaves who were forced across the Atlantic Ocean  70% go to VA and SC  20% to Maryland  10% to the North SLAVERY IN THE COLONIES

 August 20, 1619: first African American slaves arrived in English North America by a Dutch trade ship named the White Lion- reported by John Rolfe, Virginia’s first tobacco planter and husband of Pocahontas  On average, a slave owner owned 2-3 slaves  1662: In cases where one parent was free and the other enslaved, the child’s status was determined by the status of the mother - What might this promote? Sexual abuse SLAVERY IN THE CHESAPEAKE

 1667: Conversion to Christianity did not release slaves from bondage  No need to have guilt about enslaving fellow Christians  Interracial offspring illegitimate  White women who birth a black man’s baby could be severely punished  British America did not distinguish mixed-races. The law treated everyone with African ancestry as black SLAVERY IN CHESAPEAKE

 Carolinas, Georgia  Slavery system based on rice production  “The Rice Kingdom”  Rice requires stagnant water - swamps are drained & irrigation systems created - plantations left under the control of overseers & slaves  Large plantations required to make back initial investment  Average slave owner had 30 – 150 slaves  What conditions might be faced in this environment?  Mosquito diseases, exhaustive labor, high death rates SLAVERY IN LOWCOUNTRY

 The Task System  Plantation owners left the plantation in hot weather  Slaves retained their own languages, work with whom they pleased, and once task was complete, they could leave the field

SLAVERY IN LOWCOUNTRY  Due to large number of slaves needed & death rates on rice plantations, African slave arrival was continuous  Allows for “re-Africanization” of the black population  1705: blacks comprise majority of South Carolina’s population  1762: one district had 76 white males & 1,000 slaves

 Where were the majority of imported slaves sent?  How would descendants of African American women be labeled/treated? WRAP UP

 INFOGRAPHIC