Thursday, May 1 st (Mayday) Have you ever visited a state/national park or monument? What do you remember about your experience? What sites did you see, what activities did you do? Examples of parks and monuments: Yellowstone, Yosemite, Grand Canyon, Great Smoky Mountains, Fort Sumter, Independence Hall, Statue of Liberty, Ellis Island, Fort Delaware, Cape Henlopen, White Clay Creek

Concerns about the Environment In the late 19 th century, Americans expressed a new concern for the environment. Considering what you know about American lifestyles in this time period, how can we explain this new appreciation for the natural world?

NEW ATTENTION TO THE ENVIRONMENT COMES IN MANY FORMS….

Yellowstone National Park America’s first national park! Established in 1872 after two naturalists reported on the beauty and uniqueness of the area in northern Wyoming. Let’s look at some pictures…

INTEREST IN FORESTS AND PARKS CONTINUED TO BLOOM AND GROW!

Examples of Nature Preservation Forest Reserve Act (1891): sets aside land for public domain under several presidents The creation of more national parks Organizations devoted to the preservation of America’s natural resources.

President Theodore Roosevelt Serves Concerned about managing America’s natural resources for future use Wants Americans to use the land to hunt, farm, and engage in other active pursuits

Social Reform #6 Protection of the Environment –Antiquities Act of 1906 »Allows President to designate National Monuments »Protect and Preserve Wildlife Areas

National Parks Service Created in 1916 under the National Park Service Organic Act Over 400 parks in the system today, including some that YOU have visited! Let’s take a look….

Two Sides: Conservationists and Preservationists Teddy Roosevelt = Conservationist –Wants regulated use of protect lands for recreation John Muir = Preservationist –Founder of the Sierra Club –Wants to maintain a pristine natural environment

WHAT DO YOU THINK???

Social Reform #7 Early Civil Rights Movement African Americans were still fighting for basic rights guaranteed to them in the Constitution

A Reminder of the Specific Problems African Americans Faced Voter Restrictions –Poll Tax – Pay a fee to vote –Literacy Test – prove you could read & write to vote –Grandfather Clause – exempts a group of people from obeying a law provided they met certain conditions before law was passed

A Reminder of the Specific Problems African Americans Faced Jim Crow Laws – System of laws that segregated public services by race

A Reminder of the Specific Problems African Americans Faced Plessy v. Ferguson – “Separate but Equal” (1896) –Supreme Court ruled against Homer Plessy saying segregation was legal as long as separate facilities were equal

A Reminder of the Specific Problems African Americans Faced Lynching – mob’s illegal seizure & execution of a person, usually by hanging

Key African American Leaders Booker T. Washington – encouraged African Americans to become educated & learn a trade Wanted to work slowly and diligently towards rights – nothing radical

Key African American Leaders W.E.B. DuBois – encouraged Top 10% of African Americans to attend college & become leaders More radical in his push for equality - started the N.A.A.C.P.

Key African American Leaders NAACP – National Association for the Advancement of Colored People –Worked through courts to gain equal rights for African Am.

Progressive Presidents Theodore Roosevelt Republican Became President after McKinley was assassinated BIG PERSONALITY

What Does TR Do? Breaks up 40 monopolies and gets the nickname “Trust Buster“ His reform plan became known as the “Square Deal” because he vowed not to favor any group of Americans but to be fair to all and improve their lives.

William Howard Taft Republican Promised to continue reforms Lacked Teddy’s personality Progressive Presidents

Taft WAS Successful! Initiated twice as many antitrust lawsuits to break-up monopolies Established the Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate (set) railroad rates

1912 Election

Woodrow Wilson Established Federal Trade Commission to prohibit unfair business practices Addressed child labor and limited work to an eight-hour day for Railroad workers Progressive Presidents

Progressive Constitutional Amendments 16 th Amendment – Congress can levy income taxes 17 th Amendment – Direct Election of Senators 18 th Amendment – Prohibition of Alcohol 19 th Amendment – Women’s Suffrage

Closer, 4/30 In your opinion, who was the more effective African American leader, Booker T. Washington or W.E.B. DuBois?