1 TECHNOLOGY FOR THE OTHER 3-4 BILLION INHABITANTS --- CHALLENGES IN SERVING THESE HAVE-NOT’S --- FIBER AND WIRELESS CONNECTIVITY Dr. Victor Lawrence Batchelor Professor, Associate Dean and iNetS Director Stevens Institute of Technology 15 April, 2011

2 Global Telecom Infrastructure

3 ACE currently comprises twenty four parties: Baharicom Development Co Benin Telecoms Camtel Côte d’Ivoire Telecom Companhia Santomense de Telecomunicacoes Etisalat Nigeria Expresso Telecom Group Gamtel, Getesa Globalink Maroc Telecom Mauritano-Tunisienne des Télécommunications Mauritius Telecom Office Congolais de Poste et Télécommunication Orange Bissau Orange Cameroun Orange Côte d’Ivoire Orange Guinée Orange Mali Orange Niger Orange Spain Sierratel Sonatel

Uhurunet, a high connectivity A 17,000 km long Submarine Cable designed to provide 5.12 Tbps 22 Countries to be connected, including 9 Countries not served today by a cable system The best connectivity ever offered by a submarine cable along the West Coast of Africa

[ 5 ] ACE Unique Global Connectivity –The 17,000 km ACE cable from Cape Town, South Africa to Penmarch, France will connect 18 countries –The first time a cable will land in Equatorial Guinea, The Gambia, Liberia, Mauritania, São Tomé & Principe and Sierra Leone –Only one other system, WACS, extends the West African coast Mutual restoration creates reliability for both systems Classic mesh network and restorable premium price services WACS customers likely to buy capacity on ACE for redundancy purposes –Provide crucial route diversity and redundancy for commercial and governmental traffic –Highest capacity (5.12Tbps) of competing cables –Tenerife constitutes a potential key strategic advantage in connectivity to the Americas Baharicom Landings ACE Joint Landings Other ACE Landing Points USA TAT14 / TGN / HIBERNIA / APOLLO S America Atlantis 2 Middle East, Asia EIG / SMW3/4 / IMeWe East Africa, India, Asia SAT3 / WASC / SAFE Penmarch, France Lisbon, Portugal Tenerife, Spain Nouakchott, Mauritania Dakar, Senegal Banjul, The Gambia Freetown, Sierra Leone Monrovia, Liberia Abidjan, Côte d 'lvoire Accra, Ghana Lagos, Nigeria Kribi, Cameroon Bata, Equatorial Guinea Libreville, Gabon Santana, São Tomé et Príncipe Luanda, Angola Swakopmund, Namibia Cape Town, South Africa

2. Brief Overview of Undersea Cables and Fiber-Optic Technologies

7 Wireless Technologies

8 World Population What about other 3 billion in EMERGING Markets? SOLUTION

9 Key Objective of Technology Throughput Latency Geo Satellite Fiber Networks O3b Networks Objective Connecting the Other 3 Billion

10 Overview of Technology (Contd.) In Orbit –Initial constellation of 8 satellites –Complete constellation comprised of 20 satellites –Orbital Spacing = –Orbital Height = ~8000 km / Orbital Inclination < –Ground Period = 360 min / Number of Contacts = 4 per day

11 Overview of Technology (Contd.) Beams –Ka-band –Optimal coverage between 45o N / S latitudes –10 beams/region (7 regions) with 70 remote beams/8 satellite constellation –1.2 Gbps per beam (600 Mbps X 2) –84 Gbps available per 8 satellite constellation –Transponder bandwidth: 216 MHz; 2 x 216 MHz Fwd / Return –Beam coverage: Diameter to 600 km

12 Key Features of Technology Availability –Everywhere between 45 degrees of latitude north and south of the equator. Scalability –DS3 (45Mbps) to STM4 (622Mbps) and higher. Flexibility –Direct access to core Internet exchange points worldwide. Reliability –C arrier class integrated customer terminal packages available.

13 Key Benefits of Technology Performance –Fiber performance anywhere without fiber infrastructure need –Seamless network extension to remote parts of the network, including island communities –Ability to offer services beyond the current terrestrial network Cost –Affordable, complementary solution to cables and geo-stationary satellites –Substantial reduction of capital and operational expenditure

14 Key Customers of O3b Provides IP trunking and wireless backhaul To cover 70% of the world’s population including: –Telcos, –Enterprises, –Governments –Individuals

Promoting ICT for social and economic development  Promoting ICT for social and economic development with emphasis on applications for education, health, business, government and agriculture.  Baharicom Labs will support pilot projects, proof of concept explorations and research on the cost effectiveness, sustainability and reproducibility of these applications

Education in Sub Saharan Africa  Education rate in Sub Saharan Africa are among the lowest in the world.  Primary school completion rates are less than 65%; Secondary School enrollment rates are less then 25%; Ave tertiary education enrollment rates are about 5%.  These dismal statistics, combined with a regional shortage of about 4 million teachers, presents the advancement of education as a daunting development challenge.

Education improvement in Sub Saharan Africa  The first priority will be to increase participation rates at all levels of education  ICT has the capacity to increase the productivity of the existing teacher cohort by engaging students directly in computer-based learning. By having groups of students involved with productive ICT tasks teachers can deal with larger numbers of students. Also, computer-based activities can provide opportunities for teacher aides with limited training to participate effectively in the teaching-learning process.  Perhaps the most cost effective use of ICT in the advancement of education in Sub Saharan Africa is in elearning for the preparation of new teachers. Uhurunet can provide access to universities and regional centers, where aspiring students can study for college degrees in teaching. The intrinsic nature of web-based learning allows the possibility of instructors who are located in the country, the region and/or internationally.

Health in Sub Saharan Africa  Health problems in Sub Saharan Africa are staggering.  region has 25% of the disease burden of the world but only 3% or all health workers; with 12% of the world’s population.  Sub Saharan Africa witnesses 75% of the AID’s deaths in the world and the number of doctors in the region is less than one doctor for 10,000 people compared with European ratios of one doctor for 350 people.

Health improvement in Sub Saharan Africa ICT has the potential of improving health care delivery. Baharicom Labs will explore work to utilize ICT resources for various ehealth applications in accordance with national and regional priorities -- Computer-based decision support -- Utilization of diagnostic instrumentation for which the output is remotely evaluated -- Evaluation of patient information that is evaluated by a remote care-giver -- Electronic patient management system - - Electronic medical records system -- Interactive computer/communications technologies that utilize patient records to provide monitoring as well as ongoing and preventative patient support -- Delivery of urgently needed information, as well as continuing education for healthcare providers -- Social networking among medical caregivers in which information is shared and mutual support is provided. -- Remote facilitation of surgery and other medical procedures.

Government information dissemination, provision of services, and interactions that promote good governance can all be provided through the use of ICT. -- on-line availability of forms, applications, and registration materials -- posting of government regulations, proposed laws and public service information -- posting of minutes of government bodies -- ability to interactively pay government fees and taxes and process registration materials. -- solicitation of citizen opinions through on-line polls -- access to information about economic benefits, healthcare resources, job opportunities, and other data of potential value to citizens. -- establishment of unique and reliable identification system for all citizens. Government improvement in Sub Saharan Africa

Agriculture improvement in Sub Saharan Africa Agriculture is the leading source of income for perhaps seventy percent of the population of countries in Africa. ICT can benefit this key economic sector in many ways: -- Current market information to farmers -- Local weather reports -- Information and ability to obtain transportation -- Information and ability to obtain storage facilities -- Timely and specific information on crop and livestock diseases. -- Advice and current information on crop and livestock care. -- Ability to conduct financial transactions for produce and animals. -- Ability to manage supply chain for feed and other time sensitive items. -- Ability to establish traceability and certification of products

Human Resource Development in Sub Saharan Africa  Baharicom Labs will promote advanced study and focused training of ICT professionals and staff through on-site instruction as well as degree programs, visits, internships and workshops at international locations.  Support will be provided for doctoral research for promising candidates from Sub Saharan African countries at leading research institutions in North America and Europe. Faculty and research staff from these institutions will be supported in visits to the countries of Sub Saharan Africa. Through such visits, potential candidates for advanced degrees can be identified and understanding of local conditions and issues can be acquired.

Baharicom Labs has the potential of playing a transformative role in the developing world

Philanthropic Strategy  Philanthropic services to promote social and economic development throughout Africa.  The Phelps Stokes Fund will raise at least $60 million from philanthropic donors and other sources to fund the purchase of broadband capacity from Baharicom that will make up the corpus of the Uhurunet Capacity Endowment (the Endowment).  The Endowment will be formed as a pool of capacity units on the Uhurunet system through purchase or a presale of capacity on an right of use (ROU) basis made in advance of the system’s construction. Page 25 The Uhurunet Capacity Endowment is a philanthropic initiative of Baharicom and Phelps Stokes to distribute broadband capacity grants to schools, universities, healthcare initiatives, NGO’s, and public service programs across Africa.

26 KEY SERVICES E-Health E-Schools E-Commerce

27 Questions? Thank You WE ARE TALKING ABOUT SAVING LIFES

Physicians per 100,000 population US 549 Germany 390 Bulgaria 365 France 329 South Africa 69 Namibia 30 Botswana 29 Nigeria 29 India 16 Ghana 9 Zambia 7 Uganda 5 Rwanda 2 Mozambique 2 Source: