Assembly Line Organization Worker 1 = Head Worker 2 = Hair Worker 3 = Eyes/ Eyebrows Worker 4 = Nose and Mouth Worker 5 = Ears Worker 6 = Neck/Shirt Worker 7 = Arms and Hands Worker 8 = Pants/ Shoes Worker 9 = Pocket/Pattern on Shirt Worker 10 = Pattern on Pants/ Belt

Assembly Line Organization Worker 1 = Head Worker 2 = Hair Worker 3 = Eyes/ Eyebrows Worker 4 = Nose and Mouth Worker 5 = Ears Worker 6 = Neck/Shirt Worker 7 = Arms and Hands Worker 8 = Pants/ Shoes Worker 9 = Pocket/Pattern on Shirt Worker 10 = Pattern on Pants/ Belt Period 01

Assembly Line Organization Worker 1 = Head Worker 2 = Hair Worker 3 = Eyes/ Eyebrows Worker 4 = Nose and Mouth Worker 5 = Ears Worker 6 = Neck/Shirt Worker 7 = Arms and Hands Worker 8 = Pants/ Shoes Worker 9 = Pocket/Pattern on Shirt Worker 10 = Pattern on Pants/ Belt Period 02

Assembly Line Organization Worker 1 = Head Worker 2 = Hair Worker 3 = Eyes/ Eyebrows Worker 4 = Nose and Mouth Worker 5 = Ears Worker 6 = Neck/Shirt Worker 7 = Arms and Hands Worker 8 = Pants/ Shoes Worker 9 = Pocket/Pattern on Shirt Worker 10 = Pattern on Pants/ Belt Period 03

C 21: The Industrial Revolution Why Great Britain?

Political stability: Free from political instability/ wars Exploration and colonialism: Colonies provided raw materials and markets Government support: laws favored trade/ government sponsored turning to coal to replace depleted forest supply (charcoal) Growth of private investment Enclosure Movement = large labor supply Seapower: to access colonies Navigable rivers Great period of invention! Factors for Success (Page 634) Why Great Britain?

Factors of production:land, labor and capital

Great Period of Invention Flying Shuttle (John Kay 1733) Spinning Jenny (1764) Steam Engine (James Watt 1765) Water driven Power looms (1785) Oil Refining methods (1780s) Interchangeable parts (Eli Whitney 1794) First steam powered locomotive (George Stephenson 1815) Bessemer Process (Steel) (1856) Increased width of cloth one person could weave Steam increased speed and efficiency (100x more thread) Horsepower Flying shuttle Spinning Jenny

The Power Loom

What impact did the development of the steam engine have on the growth of industry in Great Britain? major impact; used in textile mills, factories could be located away from rivers, powered locomotives and ships, led to development of coal as a resource, more factories built near northern coal mines

British Pig Iron Production: smelted iron ore with high carbon

Industrialization soon spread to western Europe and the United States. Other regions did not industrialize in the 1800s. What was it about Western countries that encouraged them to embrace industry? Political liberty Freedom to compete Rewards reaped Exploitation and improvements Why Western Countries? British restrictions Samuel Slater – Slater’s Mill Lowell’s Mill America Belgium, 1807 France, 1815 Japan, 1868 Germany, 1850 – Railroads – Treaties Europe/ Japan Industrialization Spreads

Old mercantile system restricted trade Laissez-faire economics Adam Smith, market economy Thomas Malthus, poverty unavoidable Industrialization succeeded and spread Capitalism and Competition Shift in wealth and power Entrepreneur Banking and finance Andrew Carnegie, rags to riches Robber barons New Roles for Business Leaders New Ideas about Economics

× Population growth will outpace the food supply. × War, disease, or famine could control population. × The poor should have less children. × Food supply will then keep up with population. RESPONSES TO INDUSTRIALIZATION: Thomas Malthus: Essay on the Principle of Population 1798

Industrial Housing TODAY: Newcastle, England

Not everyone agreed that laissez-faire capitalism was good. Two who took a different stance were Robert Owen and Karl Marx. More hopeful than Malthus Socialism – Society owns property – Society controls business Model industrial town New Harmony (UTOPIAN SOCIETY) Social democracy Robert Owen More radical socialism Predicted collapse of capitalism Das Kapital Communism Government – owns means of production – controls economic planning Karl Marx Competing Economic Views

PURE SOCIALISM: You have two cows. The government takes them and puts them in a barn with everyone else's cows. You have to take care of all of the cows. The government gives you as much milk as you need. PURE COMMUNISM: You have two cows. Your neighbors help you take care of them, and you all share the milk. CAPITALISM: You have two cows. You take care of them and sell the milk for a profit.

The Luddites

The rise of new economic ideas was among the countless effects of the Industrial Revolution. The shift away from cottage industries also affected home life and the roles of women in society. Worlds of work and home separated “Separate spheres” Business world- without moral controls Women-moral guidance at home Home Life Industry-great power Control of other nations’ economies Industrialization of United States Period of immigration to United States Countries Increase in wealth Standard of living improved Leisure time Changes to many aspects of life: –Art –Politics –Transportation Societies Effects on Society

C 21 Sec 2/ assembly line simulation What were some of the positive effects of the Industrial Revolution for the factory owner and for the factory worker? Make sure you identify 3 effects for each group and explain each effect in detail. What were some of the negative effects of the Industrial Revolution for the factory owner and for the factory worker? Make sure you identify 3 effects for each group and explain each effect in detail. C 21 Sec 3: Describe the difference between the old mercantile system and the capitalist system. What role does the government have in each? Describe socialism and communism. What were the objections of each to the capitalist system that developed from the industrial revolution?