Warm-up: Name the Confederate States in red

The Why & How of Reconstruction?

Civil War Started out as a conflict over states’ rights and ended up with the issue of slavery North had more resources and more military South had good leaders but limited military & resources North won and then had to decide how it was going to “reconstruct” the South

North – Government Business – Planter elite loses power – 364,000 men lost – Union preserved – Congress centralized national power South – Property worthless – Confederate $$ worthless – Railroads & farm industry ruined – Cotton crops destroyed or seized – Lost 1/5 of adult male population (260,000) – Loss of labor force with freeing of slaves – Totally in ruins---would have to rebuild entire infrastructure Conditions After the War

Major Issues After the War On what basis should the Confederate states be brought back into the Union? How should the Southern whites be treated? What should be done for the freed slaves?

On April 14, 1865, President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated. Andrew Johnson, his successor, favored a moderate Reconstruction plan and promised to uphold states’ rights over federal regulation Southerners had to: Swear allegiance to the United States Accept the 13 th Amendment, which ended slavery (something both Lincoln & Johnson insisted on)

Forgiveness vs. Punishment Lincoln favored Reconstruction policies which would “bind up the nation’s wounds” ** Radical Republicans favored harsh terms and sought to punish the South **

Activity: Small group activity: Readings & Questions Presidential Reconstruction vs. Congressional Reconstruction

Presidential Reconstruction Lincoln and Johnson both wanted basically the same thing: None of which included rights for African Americans other than freedom Show kindness and charity to Confederate states and get the Union moving forward Ratification of 13 th Amendment **

Congressional Reconstruction (Radical Reconstruction) Radical Republicans believed Presidential Reconstruction was a threat to Congressional authority – Johnson vetoed 29 bills passed by Congress – Congress overrode 15 of his vetoes Wanted African Americans to have full citizens’ rights Wanted harsher reorganization of South Wanted supremacy of federal law over states’ laws Northern voters sympathized with the Radicals **

Reconstruction Plans Presidential ReconstructionCongressional Reconstruction According to this plan, what did former confederate states have to do to be readmitted to the Union? What happened to former Confederate leaders under this plan? Under this plan, how would the government help freedmen? What political rights would freedmen have? How did Southerners react to this plan? How did Northerners react to the plan?