THE STONE AGE Respectively Submitted By C. Stephen Ingraham 9/26/05

Social Studies Block# ___ Your First & Last Name Mr. Ingraham & Mrs. Ross Today’s Date The Stone Age Table of Contents The Stone Age Song Vocabulary Hunters & Gathers Early Cultures & Societies Early Farmers The Effects of Change CSI10

THE STONE AGE SONG by Mr. Ingraham 9/26/05 Let’s get together and unite in clans related groups of families. Spending all day hunting the land for fruits, nuts, and any animal we see. We will migrate with the herds. Shh! Be Quiet! Pass the word Together (We might even see a mammoth) Let’s spread through the world, Yeah, Yeah, Yeah. Traveling so we can eat is fun. Out of Africa where it is hot The equator gets the direct rays of the sun. Some wander Europe which is fine, Others across Asia at the same time, but not together (‘tween glaciers slipping to America) Forming cultures which uniquely set us apart Language, customs, beliefs, and art. Merging of twenty people clans Cause more organized societies to start. Dividing up the jobs Best be doing what you can working together (We can raise goats and pigs)

THE STONE AGE SONG by Mr. Ingraham 9/26/05 Hunting was fun, but not all the time. Domestication of animals is fine. Agriculture, or the raising of crops, Means less hunting and more free time. No longer nomads on the run, We can subsist and have some fun, Together (Growing barley, wheat, and maise) Together in the Stone Age!!! Yeah. Sung to Disney’s “Let’s get Together”.

Social Studies Block# ___ Your First & Last Name Mr. Ingraham & Mrs. Ross Today’s Date The Stone Age Vocabulary Clans - groups of related families (20) migration - movement of (earliest) people Ice Age - long periods of cold-weather forming huge glaciers. Tundra -large, treeless arctic plains Culture - A human society’s traditions, behavior patterns, art, knowledge, and religious beliefs Artifacts - discovered objects made by early peoples Society - an organized group living & working under rules & traditions Division of labor - different members doing different tasks Domesticate - to control nature for peoples use agriculture - the raising of domesticated plants and animals. Environment - surroundings subsist - to live, to survive CSI10

THE STONE AGE Hunters & Gathers A. Earliest Humans 1. Lived in Africa 2. Moved in hunting groups & gathered food to survive 3. Migration, or movement Slowly wandered into Asia, Europe, Australia, North & South America. B. Getting Food 1. Experience taught them the consequences, or effects of eating certain animals or plants. 2. Clans – united groups of related families. 3. Cooperated for basic needs of 20 people a. food – hunted large animal: giant oxen, woolly rhinoceroses, & mammoth. b. clothing c. shelter – animal hides (movable) seasonal camps following animals & sources of plentiful food. 4. Migration, or movement from one place to the next meant the Clan would find enough to eat.

200,000 years ago C. Spreading Through the World Africa Earliest Humans in the Rift Valley 200,000 years ago

Human Migration Begins 100,000 years ago

Middle East 60,000 years ago

Asia Europe 50,000 years ago

Australia 40,000 years ago

25,000 years ago 1. The last Ice Age or long North America 1. The last Ice Age or long cold-weather period, lowers the Sea Level and humans cross the land bridge called Beringia to North America.

25,000 years ago 2. Glaciers, or large moving ice North America 2. Glaciers, or large moving ice sheets wore down the land into huge areas of tundra, or large treeless plains in the Artic regions. 25,000 years ago

South America 12,000 years ago

Humans have now populated the entire Planet Earth.

Tigris-Euphrates Valley Huang He Valley Middle America Nile Valley Indus Valley Andean

D. Early Cultures And Societies 1. All were Hunters & Gathers 2. People in different areas develop their own culture, or unique way of life. a. different clothing b. different shelters c. different art d. different beliefs e. different customs f. different language 3. Artifacts- are objects early people made and left behind. 4. These unique differences help early peoples become a society, or an organized group living and working under an established set or rules and traditions. 5. Clans merge and grow in size (50-100 members) and then begins the Division of Labor –different members do different tasks based on their abilities and the needs of the clan. 6. Clan members have a role, a part (or job) to do to help society.

II. Early Farmers. A. Controlling Nature 1. Larger (clans) societies could not depend on hunting & gathering for their basic needs. 2. About 10,000 years ago they began to shift from collecting food to producing food. 3. Domesticate or control nature for people’s use a. Women (gathers) noticed seeds thrown away grew into plants the following year. b. they learned to scatter (plant) seeds. c. eventually stone age people became less dependent on wild plants and began to depend on the crops they grew. 4. Economy – The way people use resources to meet their needs, became based mainly on crops grown a. Growing crops meant staying in one place. b. Hunting became less important as societies began raising livestock (domesticated cattle sheep, & pigs) c. Nomads – people who move with cattle from place to place to find pasture and water.

B. Effects of Change 1. Agriculture – the raising of domesticated plants and animals. Benefits a. Reliable food source. b. increased production of food.. c. more complex societies / division of labor. Problems d. More food needed for the animal. e. drought & insects killed crops & livestock. f. wars – farmland needed protecting 2. Effects on Environment – surroundings a. clearing pastures drove away the once hunted wild animals b. many wild plants disappeared.

b. c. e. a. c. d. Diversity in Early Agriculture 1. Different places develop differently a. Nile Valley (Egypt) grew wheat, barley, flax, & raised sheep, goats, & pigs b. Tigris & Euphrates Valley grew wheat, barley, flax & raised sheep & goat c. Indus & Huang He Valleys grew rice, millet, & raised pigs, chickens & water buffalo d. Andean & Bolivian grew beans, chili peppers, & potatoes e. Central or Middle America grew squash, gourds, guavas, & maise (corn). Subsist- live or survive. Nile Valley Tigris-Euphrates Valley Indus Valley Huang He Valley Middle America Andean b. c. e. a. c. d.