Hawler Medical University Clinical Analysis Department Blood Group Test Dr Mohammed Merza Hawler Medical University College of Pharmacy Clinical Analysis Department mohammed.merza@pha.hmu.edu.iq

The ABO Blood Group System Group A – has only the A antigen on red cells (and B antibody in the plasma). Group B – has only the B antigen on red cells (and A antibody in the plasma) Group AB – has both A and B antigens on red cells (but neither A nor B antibody in the plasma) Group O – has neither A nor B antigens on red cells (but both A and B antibody are in the plasma)

ABO system

ABO system RBC sometimes have another antigen, a protein known as the rhesus (RhD) antigen. If this is present, then blood group is RhD positive. If it's absent, then blood group is RhD negative. A RhD positive (A+) A RhD negative (A-) B RhD positive (B+) B RhD negative (B-) O RhD positive (O+) O RhD negative (O-) AB RhD positive (AB+) AB RhD negative (AB-)

ABO system There are very specific ways in which blood types must be matched for a safe transfusion Blood Group Antigens Antibodies Can give blood to Can receive blood from AB A and B None AB, A, B, 0 A B A and AB A and 0 B and AB B and 0 0 only  

ABO system

When is it ordered? ABO grouping and Rh typing are performed on all donated blood. They are also performed when people require blood transfusion or conditions or situations that may warrant a transfusion include: Severe anemia and conditions causing anemia such as sickle cell disease and thalassemia Bleeding during or after surgery Injury or trauma Excessive blood loss

The End

H.W.

(RhD) antigen Sensitisation Rhesus disease Anti-D immunoglobulin The anti-D immunoglobulin neutralises any RhD positive antigens that may have entered the mother’s blood during pregnancy. If the antigens have been neutralised, the mother’s blood won't produce antibodies.