Global Migration Patterns: Asia, Latin America, and Africa have net out-migration Europe, North America, and Oceania have net in-migration

Three Largest Global Migration Flows: 1.Asia to Europe 2.Latin America to North America 3.Asia to North America The trend is for international migrants to move from less developed countries to more developed countries

U.S. population includes about 30 million people born in other countries -about 15 million born in Latin America -almost 8 million born in Mexico -about 3 ½ million from Asia -about 3 ½ million from Europe

Over 10% of U.S. population are immigrants Other countries have higher per capita immigrants -based on a lower overall population Canada has 50% more immigrants per capita than does the U.S. About 25% of the total Australian population are immigrants About 50% of the population in the Middle East are immigrants -United Arab Emirates—over 90% immigrants -Kuwait—over 70% immigrants -most of these immigrants come from the poorer Middle Eastern and Asian countries

U.S. Immigration Patterns: U.S. has had over 70 million immigrants since million immigrants are still alive Three Main Eras of U.S. Immigration: 1.Initial colonial settlement -most immigrants from Europe and Africa 2.19 th century immigration from Europe -about 25% of Americans trace ancestry to German immigrants -about 12% trace ancestry to English and Irish immigrants 3.Recent immigration from LDCs -mostly from Latin America, but also from Asia and Africa

In each of these eras, rapid population growth (Stage II) limited prospects for economic advancement at home -European countries during 19 th century -Latin American and Asian nations in late 1900s

Immigration to U.S

Recent Immigration From Less Developed Regions: U.S. immigration dropped through the 1930s and 1940s Since 1960, Latin American and Asians provided the most immigrants From 1800—1950, only one million total Asians had migrated to U.S. -since 1975, over 7 million Asian migrants to U.S. -over 65% from China, Philippines, India, and Vietnam In Canada, Asians comprise 40% of total immigrants -Canada takes in 50% more immigrants per capita than U.S.

U.S. population by race

From 1820 to 1960, about 2 million total Latin Americans migrated to the U.S. From 1960 to 2000, about 11 million Latin American migrants Mexico passed Germany during the 1980s as the country that has sent the most immigrants to the U.S. (over 8 million) Since 1975, top 3 countries of origin for U.S. immigrants: 1.Mexico 2.Dominican Republic 3.El Salvador

Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986: The U.S. issued visas to several hundred thousand who had entered the U.S. in previous years without legal documents As a result, an unusually large number of immigrants from Mexico and other Latin American countries entered the U.S. during the early 1990s -the U.S. admitted a record number (1.8 million) in 1991 and 2 nd highest ever (1.5 million) immigrants in 1990 Although origins have changed, people are still migrating to the U.S. for economic opportunity and social advancement and being pushed by poor conditions at home -several Caribbean countries in Stage II of the demographic transition are transporting the equivalent of most of their entire annual increase in population to the U.S.

Major difference is that today, there is no more additional land available in the U.S. so Americans must accommodate new immigrants in the space provided Impact of Immigration on the U.S. U.S. population built by migrants -from England and Africa during 1700s -from Europe during 1800s -from Latin America and Asia during 1900s

During the 1800s, most of Europe in Stage II of the demographic transition (high population growth) -limited opportunity pushed -land and economic opportunity in U.S. pulled Now, most European countries are in Stage IV of the demographic transition (low, no growth) -countries are now able to provide economies which meet the needs of their population

European migrants have diffused their culture worldwide -Indo-European languages spoken by half of the world’s people -Europe’s most prevalent religion (Christianity) has the world’s largest number of adherents -European art, music, literature, philosophy, and ethics have diffused throughout the world European’s have developed dominant political and economic systems in areas that had sparse populations -Australia and North America

Europeans have planted seeds of conflict by dominating areas with large populations -Africa and Asia Many conflicts in these continents are the direct result of European immigrants -drawing arbitrary boundary lines -discrimination among local ethnic groups

Distribution of Immigrants in the U.S. More than 25% of immigrants reside in California -25% more reside in New York, Florida, and Texas

Chain migration: the migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there Job prospects attract immigrations