C 28 ”superatom” analogue of sp 3 carbon atom Suggests T d C 28 H 4 Nature 329 529 (1987) Support C 28 U tetravalent (Smalley and coworkers) C 28 H.

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Presentation transcript:

C 28 ”superatom” analogue of sp 3 carbon atom Suggests T d C 28 H 4 Nature (1987) Support C 28 U tetravalent (Smalley and coworkers) C 28 H 4 Sussex NNC

©

C 32

C 28 Sussex NNC

C 24

Sussex NNC No C 22 closed cage is possible!

Sussex NNC C 20

C 28 H 4

C 50 Cl 10 was isolated in 2004

C 28 H 4

C 28

Moses Gomberg’s Free Radical (1901) triphenyl methyl CPh 3 -CPh 3 ⇄. CPh 3 +. CPh 3

Moses Gomberg’s Free Radical (1901) triphenyl methyl CPh 3 -CPh 3 ⇄. CPh 3 +. CPh 3

“I wish to reserve this field for myself” Moses Gomberg 1901

Exxon Data Cox et al JACS (1988) Sussex NNC Assignment

Moses Gomberg’s Free Radical (1901) triphenyl methyl CPh 3 -CPh 3 ⇄. CPh 3 +. CPh 3

Moses Gomberg’s Free Radical (1901) triphenyl methyl CPh 3 -CPh 3 ⇄. CPh 3 +. CPh 3

“I wish to reserve this field for myself” Moses Gomberg 1901

C n+2 rule (4n+3)-1 rule yields 11, 15, 19, 23 C 15 + C 19 + C 23 +

Mass spectrum of carbon in which C 60 and C 70 were first recognised as special Sussex NNC Rice

Sussex NNC Rice

©

David Jones in a fun article published under the pseudonym of Daedalus in the New Scientist (1966) pointed out that a sheet of hexagons no matter how large could only close if there were exactly 12 pentagons interspersed

© The Pentagon Isolation Rule (PIR) C 60 is the smallest fullerene that can avoid abutting pentagons

Sussex NNC In 1986 the PIR also explained the strength of C 70 as C 62, C 64, C 66 and C 68 must have abutting pentagons

Sussex NNC In 1986 the PIR also explained the strength of C 70 as C 62, C 64, C 66 and C 68 must have abutting pentagons

Mass spectrum of carbon in which C 60 and C 70 were first recognised as special Sussex NNC Rice C 70

Mass spectrum of carbon in which C 60 and C 70 were first recognised as special Sussex NNC Rice C 50 C 40 C 32

Exxon Data Cox et al JACS (1988) Sussex NNC Assignment

Exxon Data Cox et al JACS (1988) C 20 ? Sussex NNC Assignment

C 28 ”superatom” analogue of sp 3 carbon atom Suggests T d C 28 H 4 Nature (1987) Support C 28 U tetravalent (Smalley and coworkers) C 28 H 4 Sussex NNC

NB – Paquette’s Group had synthesised Dodecahedrane C 20 H 20 in 1982, three years before the discovery of C 60 With hindsight C 20 H 20 can be recognised as the fully hydrogenated derivative of C 20 the smallest possible and least stable fullerene

Kroto and Walton Chem Phys Letts 1993 C 24 H 12

C 32 H 2

C 36 H 12

C 50 H 10 predicted to be stable 1993

Sussex NNC The Oddfellas ?

C 20 ? Sussex NNC

C 20 ? Sussex NNC

NB – Paquette’s Group had synthesised Dodecahedrane C 20 H 20 in 1982, three years before the discovery of C 60 With hindsight C 20 H 20 can be recognised as the fully hydrogenated derivative of C 20 the smallest possible and least stable fullerene

NB – Paquette’s Group had synthesised Dodecahedrane C 20 H 20 in 1982, three years before the discovery of C 60 With hindsight C 20 H 20 can be recognised as the fully hydrogenated derivative of C 20 the smallest possible and least stable fullerene

Moses Gomberg’s Free Radical (1901) triphenyl methyl CPh 3 -CPh 3 ⇄. CPh 3 +. CPh 3

C 50 H 10

Sussex NNC Rice

Sussex NNC

Exxon Data Cox et al JACS (1988) Sussex NNC Assignment

Exxon Data Cox et al JACS (1988) Sussex NNC Assignment

BuckyWorld ©

Sussex NNC