Announcments Field Trip to Kitchell’s Cabin Next Week! Meet here at 1 if possible Purposes Learn new sampling techniques See new/different species of fish Listen to the Good Doctor’s stories DUE NEXT WEEK: DRAFT OF PAPER FOR GRADE!!!

Outline for the Day Lingering Questions? Reading Quiz 2 and Announcement of Other Quiz Discussion of Worm et al Fisheries Crisis Lecture Break Foraging Behavior and Diets Lecture Diet Analysis Lab

Reading Quiz 2

1.The authors argue that the loss of what has had a great impact on marine fisheries? 2. How do the authors define “collapsed fishery”? 3. What is meant by the abbreviation “LME” 4.What management practice do the authors suggest for marine fisheries?

Discussion Topics

Was this a good or a poor paper? Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the authors’ arguments

Evaluate this statement: “This trend is of serious concern because it projects the global collapse of all taxa currently fished by the mid-21 st century”

Scientists as Advocates Is it possible to be both a good scientist and a good advocate? How has advocacy hindered scientific advancement? How has advocacy helped science?

2006 : Worm et al. = 0 trained fisheries stock assessors (I think)

response 2006 : Worm et al. Catch ≠ Abundance NMFS reported in % of stocks were overfished, in % of stocks....shall we extrapolate to show that US fisheries will be fine by 2018, no ! if you do the same thing with German unemployment it says no one in Germany will be working by 2056 (100% unemployment)

Fisheries Crisis

Goals Context of paper, Background to widespread issue in fisheries Global Trends in Fisheries Maximum Sustainable Yield Examples of Collapsed Fisheries Management Goals for Fisheries

K Population Size Population Growth K/2 Population Size Time K K/2 dN dt K-N K rN = Logistic Growth Equation Maximum Sustainable Yield Agriculture Term

Year Populations influenced by other forces Population Size K/2 Recruitment Rate Population Size Catch exceeds recruitment MSY is "perfect condition"

California Sardine Fishery

Sardine demand increased when use shifted from human consumption to fishmeal and oil circa 1920 No catch limits: State scientists issue warning that draining supplies should be avoided until research can detect overfishing 1930s: catch no longer increases in proportion to increases in effort. California state scientists recommend a limit US Bureau of Fisheries, hesitant to limit a successful economic enterprise during the Depression, deemed limits unnecessary b/c evidence of sardine depletion, while strong, was not “clear-cut”. 1939: CA state experts replaced with “emergency appointees” and state opinion mysteriously changes from “fishery is depleted” to “all is well”. 1942: Sardine fishery collapses. Only began to recover in 1980s. California Sardine Fishery

SpeciesPeak Date Peak Landing First Warning First Limits CrashCrash Landing Current Landing CA Sardine ,000 tonnes Mid 1920s ,000 (hit 0 by 1952) 0 tonnes

North Atlantic Cod

Optimism in 1970s that past mistakes (sardine) could be avoided Fishing intensity grew in 1960s with peak catch in 1968 Canada extends jurisdiction from 12 to 200 nautical miles offshore in the late 1970s Allowed the setting of conservative restrictions on catches to 20% of the total stock to promote rebuilding 1988 the Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans claimed a 5x increase in Northern Cod since 1976; tooted horn as a shining example of what cautious, science driven management could do for fisheries 1992: No cod left to catch; loss of fishery cost several billion $ Science drastically underestimated stock size, resulting in much more than 20% being harvested – for any year, data from 5 subsequent years was needed to estimate stock. Shorter time periods simply returned the assumed mortality rate

SpeciesPeak Date Peak Landing (Tonnes) First Warning First Limits CrashCrash Landing Current Landing CA Sardine ,000Mid 1920s ,000 (hit 0 by 1952) 0 North Atlantic Cod , ,000

Bluefin Tuna

Bluefin and other tuna species were relatively unregulated until the 1980s, in part due to it being an international fishery 1981 recommendation from international commission recommended reducing tuna fishing to as near to 0 as possible

Lobbyists convince commission to reduce fishing by 55% instead of a ban Continuing trend of reducing fishing by less then recommended Total collapse still feared, total ban still considered, Japan working on artificially raising young tuna

SpeciesPeak Date Peak Landing (Tonnes) First Warning First Limits CrashCrash Landing Current Landing CA Sardine ,000Mid 1920s ,000 (hit 0 by 1952) 0 North Atlantic Cod , ,000 Bluefin Tuna , /yet to be seen 45,00058,000

Management Goals Biological: MSY Economic Social

Management Goals

Management Strategies for Sustainable Fisheries Protected Areas Economic Incentives Kitchell Kornis Weidel Rest of CFL Dedicated Access Precautionary Regulation

Characteristics of Sustainable Fisheries Kitchell Dedicated Access Good Governance Appropriate Incentive Open Access Lowered demand for fish Wealth Knowledge of complex ecosystems Cooperation between fisheries and other governmental agencies