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Figure 12-1 Example 12-2

Figure 12-2 Compression and Rarefaction

Figure 12-3 Representation of a sound wave in space at a given instant in terms of (a) displacement, and (b) pressure.

Figure 12-5 Diagram of the human ear.

Figure 12-6 Sensitivity of the human ear as a function of frequency

Figure 12-7 Standing waves on a string--only the lowest three frequencies are shown.

Figure 12-8 The wavelength of (a) an unfingered string is longer than that of (b) a fingered string

Figure Standing Waves in a Tube

Figure Modes of Vibration for a Closed Tube

Figure Example 12-11

Figure The amplitudes of the fundamental and first two overtones are added at each point to get the "sum," or composite waveform.

Figure Sound spectra for different instruments

Figure Sound waves from two loudspeakers interfere.

Figure Constructive and Destructive Interference

Figure Beats occur as a result of the superposition of two sound waves of slightly different frequency.

Figure Doppler Effect

Figure Determination of the frequency shift in the Doppler effect

Figure Analysis of the Doppler Effect

Figure Example 12-15

Figure Shock Wave

Figure 12-25a Sonic Boom

Figure Ultrasound Imaging

Figure Ultrasound

Figure Question 3

Figure Question 9

Figure Question 14

Figure Question 17

Figure Problem 4

Figure Problem 64

Figure Problem 76

Figure Problem 78

Figure Problem 84

Table 12-1 Speed of Sound in Various Materials (20°C and 1 atm)

Table 12-2 Intensity of Various Sounds

Table 12-3 Equally Tempered Chromatic Scale