PLANT REPRODUCTION

Plants have male and female sex cells just like animals. They reproduce to form seeds inside fruit. Reproduction consists of pollination, fertilisation, seed dispersal, and germination.

Can you label the parts of a flower? Stigma Carpel Style Ovary Petal Sepal Anther Stamen Filament

Fill in the missing gaps! Carpel: these are the female parts of the flower and consist of the _ _ _ _ _ _, which receives the pollen grains, _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _. The ovary contains _ _ _ _ _ _. Petal: these are often brightly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to attract _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for pollination. Stamen: these are the _ _ _ _ parts of the flower (staMEN) and consist of an _ _ _ _ _ _, which produces the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, and the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. Sepals: these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the bud. They are _ _ _ _ _ and are just below the flower petals. S t i g m a S t y l e O v a r y O v u l e s C o l o u r e d I n s e c t s M a l e A n t h e r P o l l e n g r a i n s F i l a m e n t P r o t e c t G r e e n

POLLINATION

This is the beginning of making a seed. The pollen grain from the anther must be transferred to the stigma; either of the same plant (self-pollination) or the stigma of another plant (cross-pollination). This can be achieved by wind or by insects.

Insect Pollination Stigma Anther

Insect Pollination Insects such as bees carry pollen on their bodies from the anther to the sticky stigmas. Flowers that use insect pollination to reproduce usually: Have brightly coloured petals Have scented flowers Contain sugary nectar inside them.

Wind Pollination

Wind Pollination Flowers that use wind pollination to reproduce usually have: Less brightly coloured petals No scent No nectar Filaments that hang the anthers outside the flower to catch the wind. They produce more pollen than insect pollinated plants.

FERTILISATION Pollen grain ovule nucleus seed stigma wind style ovule 1 Fertilisation occurs when the male _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ joins with a female _ _ _ _ _. The pollen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ fuses with the ovule nucleus. The ovule nucleus can then grow into a _ _ _ _. The pollen grain lands on the _ _ _ _ _ _ with help from insects or the _ _ _ _. A pollen tube grows out of the pollen down the _ _ _ _ _ towards the ovary. The pollen nucleus moves down the tube to join with the _ _ _ _ _ nucleus. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ has occurred; the ovary turns into a _ _ _ _ _ and inside it the ovule grows into a _ _ _ _. ovule 2 nucleus 3 seed 4 stigma 5 wind 6 style 7 ovule 8 Fertilisation fruit 9 10 seed 11

Pollen grains Each pollen grain grows a pollen tube down to the ovule Nucleus from pollen grain Ovule One pollen tube reaches the ovule where a nucleus of a male cell joins with the nucleus in a female cell.

Quick Test What is the female part of the flower called? What is the male part of the flower called? What is the difference between cross pollination and self-pollination? Name the two ways that pollen can be transferred to a stigma? What is fertilisation in plants? What do the ovaries and the ovules become after fertilisation?

ANSWERS Carpel Stamen Cross-pollination is between two different plants; self-pollination is when the plant pollinates itself. By insects or the wind. The joining of a male pollen nucleus with a female ovule nucleus. Ovaries become fruit, ovules become seeds.