Bones of the Face External (landmark) Bones of the Face Incisive (2) Lacrimal (2) Mandible (1 or 2) Maxillary (2) Nasal (2) Zygomatic (2) Internal (hidden) Bones of the Face Palantine (2) Pterygoid (2) Turbinates (4) Vomer (1)

External Bones of the Face Incisive: Also called pre__________ bones Most ___________ skull bones In common domestic animals, this bone houses upper incisor teeth. (Ruminants have a dental pad instead) Nasal: Forms the _________ of the nose. Length depends on the animal.

External Bones of the Face Maxillary Form the ________ jaw with incisive bone House all teeth besides incisors Forms rostral part of ________ palate contains maxillary sinus Lacrimal Two bones that form medial portion of the ________ of the eye. Contains lacrimal sac which is part of tear system.

External Bones of the Face Zygomatic aka malar bones form portion of orbit join with temporal bone to form zygomatic ______ Mandible lower jaw houses all lower teeth only __________ skull bone forms TMJ with temporal bone 2 bones come together at mandibular ________________ fused into one bone in horses and swine 2 parts: ramus and shaft Ramus = caudal, vertical part Shaft = contains teeth, horizontal part

Internal Bones of the Face Make up caudal part of _____ palate Support part of the lateral walls of the ________ (throat). ____________________Bone: Forms part of nasal septum (midline wall between left and right nasal passages). _____________________: Also called nasal conchae. Thin and scroll-like that fill most of nasal cavity space.

Hyoid Bone Also called hyoid _____________ Supports base of tongue, the pharynx, and the larynx and assists in swallowing. Composed of several parts that are united by cartilage.

Spinal Column (aka vertebral column) Vertebrae that extend from skull to tip of tail. Divided into 5 sections: Cervical (neck, C) Thoracic (chest, T) Lumbar (abdomen, L) Sacral (pelvis, S) Coccygeal (tail, Cy) Refer to vertebrae by letter designation and number designation. Spinal Column (aka vertebral column)

VERTEBRAE CHARACTERISTICS Body The main, ventral portion of the bone. Separated from other vertebrae by intervertebral ________ of _________ cartilage. Arch dorsal to body helps to make up _______ ________ which allows passage of the spinal cord. VERTEBRAE CHARACTERISTICS

VERTEBRAE CHARACTERISTICS Transverse Processes Two processes that project laterally Site of muscle attachment. Articular Processes On cranial and caudal ends of vertebrae, form intervertebral joint Spinous Processes Single and projects dorsally

Cervical Vertebrae Neck region ______ vertebrae in all domestic animals _________ is C1 Holds up head. Has ________ that can be palpated Has no vertebral body, just is a ring which spinal cord passes through. ________ is C2 Has large blade-like spinous process and a ______ that fits into atlas

Thoracic Vertebrae Lumbar Vertebrae Chest region Have tall __________ processes. Number of vertebrae = number pairs of _______ Have articular facets which communicate with the ribs. Dorsal to abdominal region. Most massive-looking bones in spinal column. Bodies are large and bulky Prominent cranial-directed ___________ processes Lumbar Vertebrae

Sacral Vertebrae Coccygeal Vertebrae 3 - 5 vertebrae fused together to form one single, solid structure. Called the _________. Joins pelvis via sacroiliac joint. Coccygeal Vertebrae Bones of the tail. Cranial vertebrae have arches, bodies and processes, caudal vertebrae are rods of bone In humans fuse into coccyx.

Ribs Flat bones that form the lateral walls of the thorax. Usually the number of ribs is equal to the number of thoracic vertebrae. Dorsal ends form moveable joints which is allows lungs to expand. Term for rib is ____________. ____________ ribs aka “true ribs” attach to sternum ____________ ribs aka “false ribs”make up caudal part of thorax. Unattached ribs are called ____________ ribs. Ribs

STERNUM Breastbone Made up of sternebrae. Most cranial sternebrae is _________________ Most caudal sternebrae is called _____________ process.