Chapter 7 Growth and Division

“Era of Good Feelings”  Presidency of James Monroe  One party controlled national politics Republicans

Economic Nationalism  Second National Bank  Protective Tariffs  Improvements to transportation systems

Judicial Nationalism  Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee Established Supreme Court as final court of appeal  McCulloch v. Maryland Bank is legal under “necessary and proper” clause State can’t interfere with federal actions  Gibbons v. Ogden Federal control over interstate commerce

Nationalist Diplomacy  Andrew Jackson and the Seminoles  Adams-Onis Treaty Acquisition of Florida  Monroe Doctrine No European intervention in the Americas Quadruple Alliance (Britain, Austria,, Prussia, Russia)

Section 2 – Early Industry  National Road Only great federally funded transportation project of the time Most paid for by state and local government and private businesses

 Steamboats and Canals Erie Canal  Barges could carry more than wagons  Steamboat Robert Fulton  Barges could usually only go downstream but riverboats could go both ways

 “Iron Horse” Peter Cooper  “Tom Thumb” – Not popular with everyone at first  Noisy, pollution, dangerous Advantageous  Faster  Could go anywhere track could be laid  Helped settle the west Increased demand for iron and coal

 Industrial Revolution Helped by the American free enterprise system  Incorporation laws, limited liability Started in Northeast Samuel Slater, Francis Lowell Eli Whitney  Interchangeable parts Samuel Morse  Morse code, Telegraph

Rise of Large Cities  Industrialization drew people to the cities  More people became educated

 Worker Organizations Labor Unions Strikes  Family Farms Agriculture was country’s leading economic activity North had prosperous farms, but industry expanded, too South stayed tied to agriculture and slavery

Southern Economy  After Eli Whitney invented the Cotton Gin, textile mills that were booming in Britain wanted more and more cotton

 The high demand for cotton created a huge demand for slave labor  From 1820 to 1860 slavery in the south tripled

Slavery  Task System – small farms or plantations, workers were given specific jobs to finish each day. When done they were allowed to do other things  Gang System – workers were put into work gangs that labored from sun-up to sun-down

Anti-Slavery Movement  Frederick Douglas was a former slave who became a leader of the antislavery movement  Slave Codes – state laws that forbade slaves from owning land, leaving without permission, or learning to read or write

Sec 4 Growing Sectionalism  In 1819 Missouri applied for statehood as a slave state  At the time the U.S. had 11 free and 11 slave states  This would upset the balance and spread slavery westward

 The Missouri Compromise called for admitting Maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state, and prohibiting slavery in the Louisiana Purchase

 Later in 1819 Alabama became the 22 nd state on Dec. 14, 1819

Election of 1824  Four Candidates – favored sons Henry Clay of Kentucky Andrew Jackson of Tennessee John Quincy Adams of Massachusetts William Crawford of Georgia

 Henry Clay’s plan was called the American System – favored the national bank, the protective tariff, and nationwide internal improvements, like roads and canals

 Jackson won the popular vote but no candidate won the majority in the Electoral College  So the House selected from the top 3  Clay was eliminated so he threw his support to John Quincy Adams

 Adams won  Jackson accused Adams and Clay of a “corrupt bargain”  Jackson’s supporters took the name democrats

Election of 1828  John Quincy Adams VS Andrew Jackson  Bitter campaign, the first where both candidates participated in mudslinging  Jackson won the election with support from the West and South