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© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Brain and Behavior: Divisions of the Nervous System Neurons – Structure and Communication Structures and Functions of the Brain Brain Damage, Plasticity, and Repair

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Nervous System Central Nervous System (CNS) Introductory Psychology Concepts: The Nervous System The Nervous System Complex neural network carrying information throughout the body Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) The Nervous System

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Nervous System Complex neural network carrying information throughout the body Nervous System Central Nervous System (CNS) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Composed of the brain and spinal cord. Spinal cord is the primary means for transmitting messages between the brain and the rest of the body. Introductory Psychology Concepts: The Nervous System Central Nervous System

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Nervous System Complex neural network carrying information throughout the body Nervous System Central Nervous System (CNS) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Made up of neurons with long axons and dendrites. Branches out from the spinal cord and brain to reach the extremities of the body. Introductory Psychology Concepts: The Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Central Nervous System BrainSpinal cord The Central Nervous System Introductory Psychology Concepts: The Nervous System Central Nervous System (CNS) ForebrainMidbrainHindbrain ThalamusHypothalamus Cerebrum Limbic system CerebellumPonsMedulla Corpus callosum

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Somatic division Voluntary muscle activation Sympathetic (generally activates) Parasympathetic (generally inhibits) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Introductory Psychology Concepts Peripheral Nervous System Somatic division Autonomic division Controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands; Basically involuntary

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Peripheral -Somatic System Sensory neurons: Afferent Carrying messages to the central nervous system Motor neurons: Efferent Carrying messages from the central nervous system to the voluntary muscles The Primary Components of the Neuron Introductory Psychology Concepts Peripheral - Somatic System Axon Dendrites Cell body Myelin sheath Terminal buttons

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introductory Psychology Concepts Peripheral - Autonomic System Sympathetic division: Fight, flight, or freeze response Acts to prepare the body for action in stressful situations, engaging all the organism’s resources to respond to a threat. Eye: Dilates pupil Salivary glands: Inhibits flow of saliva Heart: Accelerates heartbeat Lungs: Dilates bronchi Digestive tract: Inhibits digestion Liver: Stimulates release of glylcogen Urinary bladder: Inhibits bladder contraction Chain of sympathetic ganglia Ganglion Secretion of epinephrine by adrenal gland Postganglionic fibers

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introductory Psychology Concepts Peripheral - Autonomic System Parasympathetic division: Maintaining normal functions Acts to calm the body after an emergency or stressful situation has ended. Eye: Constricts pupil Salivary glands: Stimulates flow of saliva Heart: Slows heartbeat Lungs: Constricts bronchi Digestive tract: Stimulates digestion Liver: Stimulates release of bile Urinary bladder: Contracts bladder

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Identify parts of the neuron and synapse and describe how they communicate information. Introductory Psychology Concepts: The Neuron and the Synapse

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introductory Psychology Concepts: The Neuron and the Synapse Identify parts of the neuron and synapse and describe how they communicate information.

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introductory Psychology Concepts: The Neuron and the Synapse Identify parts of the neuron and synapse and describe how they communicate information.

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introductory Psychology Concepts: Resting Potential and Action Potential Describe the ions used in maintaining the resting potential and in producing the action potential.

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introductory Psychology Concepts: Resting Potential and Action Potential Describe the ions used in maintaining the resting potential and in producing the action potential.

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introductory Psychology Concepts: Resting Potential and Action Potential Describe the ions used in maintaining the resting potential and in producing the action potential.

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introductory Psychology Concepts: Resting Potential and Action Potential Describe the ions used in maintaining the resting potential and in producing the action potential.

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Introductory Psychology Concepts: Resting Potential and Action Potential Describe the ions used in maintaining the resting potential and in producing the action potential.

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.