Population Unit 2

Population F Population Terms F Population Growth F Population Distribution F Population Density F Population Characteristics F Population Pyramids F Demographic Transition F Solutions to Population Growth

Population Terms F Demography - the study of population characteristics F Overpopulation- when the available resources cannot support the number of people F Density - How many? The total number of people per unit area

Population Growth F 0 AD 250 Million People F 1803 AD 1 Billion People F 1903 AD 1.6 Billion People F 1950 AD 3.0 Billion People F 1987 AD 5.0 Billion People F 1998 AD 6.0 Billion People

Population Distribution F Population Concentrations –East Asia –South Asia –South East Asia –Europe –North America F Sparsely Populated Regions –dry lands –wet lands –high lands –cold lands

Population F Population Terms F Population Growth F Population Distribution F Population Density F Population Characteristics F Population Pyramids F Demographic Transition F Solutions to Population Growth

Arithmetic Density: The total number of people divided by the total land area.

F Arithmetic Density: The total number of people divided by the total land area.

Arithmetic Density: The total number of people divided by the total land area.

F Physiological Density: The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture.

F Agricultural Density: The number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture.

Density F Arithmetic Density: The total number of people divided by the total land area. F Physiological Density: The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture. F Agricultural Density: The number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture.

Population F Population Terms F Population Growth F Population Distribution F Population Density F Population Characteristics F Population Pyramids F Demographic Transition F Solutions to Population Growth

F Crude Birth Rate : The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.

F Crude Death Rate : The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.

F Natural Increase: The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.

Population Characteristics F Crude Birth Rate : The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society. F Crude Death Rate : The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society. F Natural Increase: The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.

Population Characteristics Fertility Rate: The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years. F Doubling Time: The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.

 Infant Mortality Rate: - the number of deaths of children under the age of 1, per thousand of the general population.

Population Characteristics F Life Expectancy : The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. F Population under the age of 15 - usually shown as a percentage of the total population of a country - dependency ages F Population over the age of 65 - usually shown as a percentage of the population. dependency age

F Life Expectancy : The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions.

F Population under the age of 15 - usually shown as a percentage of the total population of a country - dependency age is 0-15

Population F Population Terms F Population Growth F Population Distribution F Population Density F Population Characteristics F Population Pyramids F Demographic Transition F Solutions to Population Growth

Population Pyramids F Inverted bar graphs that show a wide population base (younger population) with a narrow top (older population). F Population Pyramids show: –Age Distributions –Dependency Ratios of under 15 and over 65 –Sex Ratio - Male vs. Female

Categories of Population Pyramids F Stable – population shows constant rate of birth and death rates – relatively steep triangular shape –Steady growth rate

Categories of Population Pyramids F Expanding population shows a very high growth rate – wide base developing world –Average age is very young - late teens or 20s

Categories of Population Pyramids F Stationary population growth rate is slowing – base is only a bit wider than the top – North America and Western Europe –Average age is in the 30s F Contracting population is in decline, death rates are greater than birth rates – base is narrower than the top – Eastern Europe, Japan –Average age is in the 40s or 50s

DevelopingRelatively Developed Developed (poor)(rich)

Population F Population Terms F Population Growth F Population Distribution F Population Density F Population Characteristics F Population Pyramids F Demographic Transition F Solutions to Population Growth

POPULATION & DEMOGRAPHIC PYRAMIDSTRANSITION

Demographic Transition - Stage 1 F Demographic Transition - the change in population characteristics of a country to reflect medical technology or economic and social development. F Crude Birth Rate: High / 1,000 F Crude Death Rate: High / 1,000 F Natural Increase Rate: None 0 / 1,000  Today, no country in the world is in Stage 1.

Demographic Transition

Demographic Transition - Stage 2 F As medical technology is introduced, a population lives longer as the death rate is lower from the rates of stage one. F Crude Birth Rate: High 40+ / 1,000 F Crude Death Rate: Lower 15 / 1,000 F Natural Increase Rate: Very High 25+/1,000

Demographic Transition - Stage 3 F As the wealth and education of a country increases, social norms, and use of contraception dictate the birth of fewer children per woman. F Crude Birth Rate: Lower 20 / 1,000 F Crude Death Rate: Low 10 / 1,000 F Natural Increase Rate: Low 10 / 1000

Demographic Transition - Stage 4 F As the final stage in the transition of population characteristics, the fourth stage sees the population increase rate again at 0. This stage reflects a highly industrialized, educated society. F Crude Birth Rate: Low 10 / 1,000 F Crude Death Rate: Low 10 / 1,000 F Natural Increase Rate: None 0 / 1,000

Population F Population Terms F Population Growth F Population Distribution F Population Density F Population Characteristics F Population Pyramids F Demographic Transition F Solutions to Population Growth

Solutions to Population Growth F Education F Birth Control F Socialization F Abortion F Sterilization F Government mandate F Population redistribution

Solutions to Population Growth F Migration to resource rich areas F Empowerment of Women F $ for contraception & education F Improving farming techniques in poor areas F Changing cultural norms to value girls

Solutions to Population Growth F Addressing traditional religious values that may encourage gender preference and large families F Starvation F Medical technology - costs of maintaining vulnerable populations (old & young) F Disease F War

Solutions to Population Growth F Redistribution of wealth - improve standard of living for poor so that children aren’t as necessary F Addressing government policies to deal with their growing populations F Environmental pollution causing higher death rates

Population F Population Terms F Population Growth F Population Distribution F Population Density F Population Characteristics F Population Pyramids F Demographic Transition F Solutions to Population Growth

Population Cultural Geography C.J. Cox