Ecosystem (Chapter 18) 1. 2 Ecosystem 6 7 Primary Production: Production of New Organic Matter by an Ecosystem 8.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

KETAHANAN EKO- SISTEM Produktivitas smno.psdl-ppsub.2013.

Advertisements

Cell Energy SUN ENERGY SUGAR ATP(ENERGY) LIFE’S ACTIVITIES

Molles: Ecology 2 nd Ed. PRIMARY PRODUCTION AND ENERGY FLOW Chapter 18.

Productivity. PRODUCTIVITY is production per unit time. energy per unit area per unit time (J m -2 yr -1 ) Or biomass added per unit area per.

Copyright © 2005 Brooks/Cole — Thomson Learning Biology, Seventh Edition Solomon Berg Martin Chapter 53 Ecosystems and the Biosphere.

Individual organism: How do structure, physiology, and behavior lead to the individual’s survival and reproduction? Population: What determines the number.

Island Biogeography. Dan Simberloff and Mangrove Islands.

ECOLOGY Primary Production and Energy Flow How do I become more productive?

Chapter 54 Reading Quiz 1.Which trophic level ultimately supports all of the others? 2.What 2 things limit primary productivity in aquatic ecosystems?

The Carbon Cycle and Primary Productivity Chap. 18: , Chap. 19: I. Introduction A. Questions about elevated CO 2 B. Ecosystem ecology definitions.

Ch Define Ch. 55 Terms: Autotroph Heterotroph Detritivore

Ecosystems and Energy Chapter 3. What is Ecology? Ecology- Ecology- the study of systems that include interactions among organisms and between organisms.

ENERGY PATTERNS OF ENERGY FLOW IN ECOSYSTEMS. WHAT DO WE KNOW SO FAR? Ecosystems Biotic and abiotic components Energy and nutrients Energy transformed.

Ecosystems: Components, Energy Flow, and Matter Cycling G. Tyler Miller’s Living in the Environment 13 th Edition Chapter 4 G. Tyler Miller’s Living in.

Ecosystems Primary Productivity Roles of Species in Ecosystems.

 Energy enters an ecosystem through the autotrophs  Autotrophs then pass the energy on to the different levels of heterotrophs (consumers) through ingestion.

Ecosystems Chapter 54. Ecosystem involves all abiotic and biotic factors in area. Trophic levels - groups in which organisms are placed according to eating.

Chapter 54 Ecosystems. Ecosystem: Overview An ecosystem consists of –All the organisms living in a community – all the abiotic factors with which they.

Chapter 3 Ecosystem Ecology By 2006, more than 9 million people lived in this small nation, and less than 2 percent of its land remained forested.

OUR Ecological Footprint The hierarchical nature and processes of different levels of ecological systems:

WHAT IS AN ECOSYSTEM? Community + all abiotic factors affecting “Ecosystem” first proposed by Arthur Tansley Boundaries not fixed Energy flows Cycle nutrients.

Ecosystems: Components, Energy Flow, and Matter Cycling Key Components Ecological Structure Basic Components of the Ecosystem Matter Cycles and Energy.

Chapter 54 Ecosystems. An ecosystem consists of all the organisms living in a community as well as all the abiotic factors with which they interact Ecosystems.

Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun.

Food webs and energy flow in ecosystems. Food Chain Food chains are different from food webs. In a food chain there is just one path for energy.

1 Primary Production and Energy Flow Chapter 18 NEVER FORGET!!! ENERGY FLOWS: solar (or nuclear) input heat output NUTRIENTS RECYCLE: mass conservation.

6 Biomes and Aquatic Ecosystems CHAPTER. Too Much of a Good Thing? Elephant populations in southern Africa declined sharply due to hunting but have made.

The Biosphere - Matter and Energy, Interdependence in Nature

Ch. 3 Ecosystems GPP & NPP. The amount of energy available in an ecosystem determines how much life an ecosystem can support.

BIOMES OF THE EARTH.

Chapter 55 – Ecosystems. Energy and Nutrient Dynamics Trophic structure / levels - feeding relationships in an ecosystem Primary producers - the trophic.

Ecosystem Ecology. Raymond Lindeman Sir Arthur Tansley.

Ecosystems Remember: A system that is made up of all the biotic and abiotic parts of a defined environment in which living things interact. Ecosystems.

Ecosystems: What Are They and How Do They Work? Chapter 3.

Ecological Pyramids Chapter 2 Section 2b

ENERGY PATTERNS OF ENERGY FLOW IN ECOSYSTEMS. WHAT IS AN ECOSYSTEM? Biological community plus all abiotic factors affecting the community “Ecosystem”

Ecology Study of the relationships between organisms and their environments Study of the relationships between organisms and their environments Their interactions.

BIOL 4120: Principles of Ecology Lecture 18: Ecosystem Ecology Dafeng Hui Room: Harned Hall 320 Phone:

What is Ecology? Chapter 3.1 & 3.2. Ecology Study of INTERACTIONS among: – Organisms – Organisms and their surroundings.

OUR Ecological Footprint The hierarchical nature and processes of different levels of ecological systems:

Ecosystems: What Are They and How Do They Work? G. Tyler Miller’s Living in the Environment 14 th Edition Chapter 4 G. Tyler Miller’s Living in the Environment.

Ecosystems. Primary producers Sun Ecosystems Primary consumers Secondary consumers Primary producers Sun.

Ecology notes. Ecology – study of how organisms interact with their physical and biological environments and how those influence the distribution and.

Do Now 1.Identify whether each of the following would be an abiotic or biotic limiting factor: –Amount of oxygen in the atmosphere –Availability of bamboo.

© Getty Images/Taxis BIOL 3240 Plant and Animal Ecology Primary Production – Energy Flow What is primary production? What influences primary production?

Energy flow in an ecosystem

The Living World: Ecosystems

Ch. 55 Warm-Up Define Ch. 55 Terms:

Ecosystems Chapter 42.

Bright blue marble floating in space

Ecosystem Ecology AP Bio Ch. 55.

Ecosystems: Components, Energy Flow, and Matter Cycling

Ecology: Ecosystems Chapter 55.

Chapter 55 Ecosystems.

Environmental Biology

Ch. 41 Warm-Up Define Ch. 42 Terms:

Chapter 42: Ecosystems and Energy

Chapter 55: Ecosystems.

Ch. 54 Warm-Up Define Ch. 54 Terms:

Ch. 41 Warm-Up Define Ch. 42 Terms:

Ch. 55 Warm-Up Define Ch. 55 Terms:

Ch. 55 Warm-Up Define Ch. 55 Terms:

Ch. 55 Warm-Up Define Ch. 55 Terms:

Ch. 55 Warm-Up Define Ch. 55 Terms:

Ch. 37- Communities and Ecosystems

Chapter 42: Ecosystems and Energy

Chapter 54: Ecosystems.

Ch. 55 Warm-Up Define Ch. 55 Terms:

Chapter 42: Ecosystems and Energy

Presentation transcript:

Ecosystem (Chapter 18) 1

2 Ecosystem

6 7 Primary Production: Production of New Organic Matter by an Ecosystem 8

Gross Primary Production : Total Biomass Produced by all Autotrophs in an Ecosystem 9 Measure CO 2 Take

Net Primary Production: Biomass Left Over after Autotrophs have met Respiratory Needs 11

13 14 Measuring Net Primary Production 1516

3 Rain Forest Arctic Tundra 4 Differences in Net Primary Production due to..

Fig in Cain et al Abiotic Factors that Influence Terrestrial NPP

A Surrogate for Temperature and Precipitation: Actual Evapotranspiration (AET) mm H 2 0 / yr 17

Terrestrial NPP vs. AET Fig in Molles 2008

Other Abiotic Influences on Terrestrial NPP 18 19

Effect of Fertilizer on Terrestrial NPP (Alpine Tundra) CONTROLPN N + P 20

Fig in Molles 2008 Effect of Fertilizer on NPP (Alpine Tundra)

Abiotic Factors that Influence Aquatic NPP 21 22

24 23 Bill’s Observations (Iowa)

25 Control (C + N + P) Northwestern Ontario (“Lake 226”)

Fig in Molles 2008 Lake 226 Experiment: Results

Effect of Biotic Factors on Biomass Indirect Effects

Effect of Consumers on Biomass (Trophic Cascade) Fig in Molles 2008

Trophic Cascade Hypothesis: Predictions Fig in Molles 2008

Experimental Manipulation: Remove Piscivore, Add Planktivore Fig in Molles 2008

Experimental Manipulation: Add Piscivore Fig in Molles 2008

Effect of Consumer on Biomass: Terrestrial 26 Effect of Grazing on Grass Biomass

Fig in Molles 2008 Experiment: Exclosures

Experiment: Results (Compensatory Effect) Fig in Molles 2008

27 Trophic Cascade? 28

27 Bottom-Up versus Top-Down Controls

Raymond Lindeman – Trophic Dynamics

s seedlings.jpg /bio/ang/pho/images/energy.gif

11 energy.gif 12 analyzer.jpg /Surface_water_cycle.svg/260px-Surface_water_cycle.svg.png 18 USIncreasingly0116.jpg 19 meadow-chalet-flowers-snow-capped-mountains-trees-ajhd.jpg 20

enlarged.jpg 23 &_fertilizer.jpg 24 photo_22.gif _Tanzania_Africa.jpg 29