Ch 20: Kingdom Protista Very diverse group Catch all - membership is determined mainly by exclusion from the other kingdoms

Eukaryotes all Eukaryotes that are not plants, animals or fungus Mostly single celled, some multicelled, some colonial Classified by the way they obtain nutrition

Autotrophic or Heterotrophic Animal Like Plant Like Fungus Like

Autotrophic or Heterotrophic Plant Like - Autrotrophs Fungus Like - Heterotrophs –obtain food by external digestion (decomposers or parasites)

Animal Like Protists Protozoans Heterotrophs 4 Phyla divided by the way they move

Zooflagellates Unicellular Swim using flagella (1 or 2) Absorb food through cell membranes Most Reproduce asexually (Binary Fission)

Zooflagellates Include several parasites that cause human diseases Examples: Giardia

Sarcodines Unicellular Move with Pseudopods –temporary projections of cytoplasm Food vacuoles, Endocytosis Reproduce asexually (BF)

Sarcodines Examples: –Amoeba (A. Dysentery) –Foraminiferans & Radiolarians (calcium carbonate) –Heliozoans (silica)

Amoeba

Ciliates Unicellular Move & feed with cilia Free living - not parasitic Reproduce by conjugation (sexual - pg 500) Most numerous and diverse group

Ciliates Example: Paramecium (Anatomy page 499)

Paramecium

Sporozoans Unicellular Do not move on their own All parasitic Reproduce by means of sporozites - sexual and asexual phases (pg 501)

Sporozoans Example: Malaria –Plasmodium vivax

Plant Like Protists 7major phylas Unicellular & Multicellular Algae

Plant Like Protists Unicellular Algae 4 major phylas Base of the food chain (phytoplankton - Algae & Protozoan)

Euglenophytes Plant like - has chloroplast, Autotrophic Animal like - has 2 flagella, no cell walls (pellicle), eye spot (reacts to light), can be heterotrophic in low light Reproduces by BF

Euglenophytes Euglena: page 506

Dinoflagellates Half are photosynthetic, half are heterotrophic Have 2 flagella Reproduce by BF Many are luminescent (fire plants - red tide)

Chrysophytes Yellow-green & Golden brown algae Gold colored Chloroplasts Cell walls with pectin Store food as oil rather than starch

Diatoms Cell walls with silicon Fit together like a petri dish Remains of the cell are used in abrasives (diatomaceous earth)

Plant Like Protists Multicellular Algae 3 major phylas Classified by pigments

Red Algae Reddish accessory pigments Can live deeper in the ocean than most other Algae Complex life cycles Example: Irish Moss

Brown Algae Brown accessory pigments Largest, most complex algae Have some specialized parts (Air Bladders, Blades, Hold Fasts, Stipes) Example: Giant Kelp

Green Algae Phylum Chlorophyta Cellulose in cell walls Some are Unicellular Live in both fresh water and salt water

Green Algae Example: –Volvox –Spirogyra (colonial) –Sea lettuce (multicellular)

Fungus Like Protists Heterotrophic Absorb nutrients from dead or decaying organic matter 2 groups

Slime Molds Have a 3 stage life cycle Shiny wet appearance, texture like gelatin Examples: Red Raspberry & Scrambled Egg Slime Mold

Water Mold Oomycota Thrive on dead or decaying organic material in water Are plant parasites on land Produce Hyphae and zoosporangia

Water Mold Life Cycle page 519 Example: –Phytophthora infestans (potato famine)

Diseases caused by Algae African Sleeping Sickness Giardia Amoebic Dysentery Malaria

Human Uses for Algae Seaweed, agar, algin Thickeners for ice cream & salad dressing plastics, waxes, deodorant