WWI THE WAR

Review, Causes M. M. A. A. I. I. N. N.

Illusions and Stalemate Before 1914: leaders thought political and economic risks would prevent fighting. Before 1914: leaders thought political and economic risks would prevent fighting. Propaganda: ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause Propaganda: ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause –Gov’ts used propaganda to stir up hatred against other ethnic groups and to get support for war.

The Western Front Schlieffen Plan: called for German troops to go through Belgium into France to surround the French army around Paris. Schlieffen Plan: called for German troops to go through Belgium into France to surround the French army around Paris.

The Battle of Liege The Battle of Liege was the 1 st land battle of the war. The Battle of Liege was the 1 st land battle of the war. German troops entered Belgium Aug. 5 th, German troops entered Belgium Aug. 5 th, The German 2 nd Army suffered heavy losses against the outnumbered Belgians. The German 2 nd Army suffered heavy losses against the outnumbered Belgians. Had to call in zeppelins to bomb the city Had to call in zeppelins to bomb the city Belgians were forced to surrender an allow the Germans to pass through to France. Belgians were forced to surrender an allow the Germans to pass through to France.

First Battle of the Marne The German advance to Paris was stopped at the Marne River Sept. 6 th The German advance to Paris was stopped at the Marne River Sept. 6 th The French used 600 taxi cabs to move 6000 fresh troops to the front lines backed up by the British. The French used 600 taxi cabs to move 6000 fresh troops to the front lines backed up by the British. Sept. 6 th the German armies began a retreat Sept. 6 th the German armies began a retreat Ended German hopes of ending war on Western Front quickly. Ended German hopes of ending war on Western Front quickly.

Stalemate Trenches: both sides dug trenches for shelter-neither side could dislodge the other. Trenches: both sides dug trenches for shelter-neither side could dislodge the other. Trenches stretched from the English Channel to Switzerland. Trenches stretched from the English Channel to Switzerland. Click picture for video Click picture for video

Weaponry of WWI

Eastern Front Battle of Tannenberg and Battle of Masurian Lakes- Germans defeated the Russians pushing them out of Germany Battle of Tannenberg and Battle of Masurian Lakes- Germans defeated the Russians pushing them out of Germany Russians no longer a threat to enter Germany Russians no longer a threat to enter Germany Serbians watching a German airplane pass over.

Eastern Front Russians defeated Austria- Hung. Army at Galicia and moved them out of Serbia. Russians defeated Austria- Hung. Army at Galicia and moved them out of Serbia. Italy joined the Allies opening a southern front. Italy joined the Allies opening a southern front. Germans reinforce A-H troops and push Russia into retreat from Galicia-2.5 mill Russian casualties. Germans reinforce A-H troops and push Russia into retreat from Galicia-2.5 mill Russian casualties. Germans defeated Serbia and turned back to Western Front. Germans defeated Serbia and turned back to Western Front. Pic-Russian POWs-German soldier on a horse moving them. Pic-Russian POWs-German soldier on a horse moving them.

The Great Slaughter Millions of men died trying to break through enemy lines in the trenches. Millions of men died trying to break through enemy lines in the trenches. The Battle of Verdun The Battle of Verdun –10 month battle –700,000 men lost –Only a few miles gained –War of attrition-wearing the other side down by constant attacks and heavy losses –Pic: barbed-wire in no- man’s land at Verdun

War in the Air 1915-airplanes entered war 1915-airplanes entered war 1 st used for reconnaissance missions-look for troop movement, spying 1 st used for reconnaissance missions-look for troop movement, spying Added machine guns to the planes-now used in battle Added machine guns to the planes-now used in battle ACES-pilots began to dogfight in the air-5 shot down got the title of ACE ACES-pilots began to dogfight in the air-5 shot down got the title of ACE Germans used zeppelins- airships filled with hydrogen- to bomb London Germans used zeppelins- airships filled with hydrogen- to bomb London

The Red Barron Manfred Albrecht Freiherr von Richthofen Manfred Albrecht Freiherr von Richthofen German fighter pilot German fighter pilot most successful flying ace of WWI most successful flying ace of WWI 80 confirmed air combats victories 80 confirmed air combats victories

Review Look under your desk for an index card with a question. Look under your desk for an index card with a question.

Tonight’s assignment: Tomorrow you will participate in a WWI simulation, Life in the Trenches. Tomorrow you will participate in a WWI simulation, Life in the Trenches. To receive your trench (food) ration (grade) you must research Trench warfare and bring in one fact with your source cited to share with the class. To receive your trench (food) ration (grade) you must research Trench warfare and bring in one fact with your source cited to share with the class. Information can be from the text or a reliable Internet source. Information can be from the text or a reliable Internet source.

The Allied and Central Powers sought new allies to give them a winning advantage The Allied and Central Powers sought new allies to give them a winning advantage Many countries start choosing sides Many countries start choosing sides

Widening of the War The Ottoman Empire was the first power to intervene. The Ottoman Empire was the first power to intervene. August 11, 1914 the Ottomans allowed two German battleships (Goeben and Breslau) chased by the British fleet to go through the Straits which remained closed to British ships. August 11, 1914 the Ottomans allowed two German battleships (Goeben and Breslau) chased by the British fleet to go through the Straits which remained closed to British ships. On September 26, the Ottoman Empire closed the Straits to commercial shipping, preventing the supply of war materials to Russia. On September 26, the Ottoman Empire closed the Straits to commercial shipping, preventing the supply of war materials to Russia.

The Allied Powers declare war on the Ottoman Empire on November 5, 1914 The Allied Powers declare war on the Ottoman Empire on November 5, 1914 Bulgaria sides with the Central Powers April Bulgaria sides with the Central Powers April Allies opened a Balkan front but are forced to withdraw from Gallipoli Allies opened a Balkan front but are forced to withdraw from Gallipoli Italy joined the Allies and declared war on A-H on May 23, Italy joined the Allies and declared war on A-H on May 23, 1915.

A True WORLD Conflict Middle East - BR officer known as Lawrence of Arabia urged Arab princes to revolt against Ottoman overlords Middle East - BR officer known as Lawrence of Arabia urged Arab princes to revolt against Ottoman overlords 1918 BR forces from EGY destroy the OTT Empire 1918 BR forces from EGY destroy the OTT Empire After war he served in BR delegation at Paris Peace Conference After war he served in BR delegation at Paris Peace Conference Promoted the cause of Arab independence Promoted the cause of Arab independence Left conference disappointed! Left conference disappointed!

Preoccupied Germany loses its colonies around the world Preoccupied Germany loses its colonies around the world –Japan seized colonies on the Pacific Island –Australia seized New Guinea U.S. tries to remain neutral U.S. tries to remain neutralneutral –Lusitania & Zimmer telegram Lusitania & Zimmer telegramLusitania & Zimmer telegram –Admiral Holtzendorff Mobilizing the U.S. for war Mobilizing the U.S. for war Mobilizing the U.S. for war Mobilizing the U.S. for war

The Home Front Total War Increased Gov’t Powers Increased Gov’t Powers –Draft – conscription –Free markets were put aside for planned economies –Rationing Public Opinion Public Opinion –As the war went on patriotic enthusiasm waned. –GER and others used force to subdue ppl –BR passed DORA (arrest protestors, censor news, etc.) –Propaganda

Women & War New roles for women / short lived New roles for women / short lived Suffrage (U.S., BR, GER, AU) Suffrage (U.S., BR, GER, AU)

WWI: WAR A&B REVIEW 1. Identify Germany’s “blank check.” 2. Explain why G.B. became involved in the war. 3. How did the war on the Eastern Front differ from war on the Western Front? 4. Identify the 4 Central Powers. 5. Why did the Germans resort to unrestricted submarine use? 6. What was the effect of total war on ordinary citizens?