: The World at War : The World at War By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley H. S. Chappaqua, NY
Causes of the War
1. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:
Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:
The Major Players: Nicholas II [Rus] George V [Br] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Allied Powers: Franz Josef [A-H] Wilhelm II [Ger] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Central Powers: Enver Pasha [Turkey]
Europe in 1914
2. Militarism & Arms Race Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s Increase in Defense Expenditures France10% Britain13% Russia39% Germany73%
3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries
4. Aggressive Nationalism
Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 The “Powder Keg” of Europe
The “ Spark ”
Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family
The Assassination: Sarajevo
The Assassin: Gavrilo Princip Gavrilo Princip
Who’s To Blame?
The Schlieffen Plan
Women and the War Effort
Financing the War
For Recruitment
Red Cross Nurses
The Western Front: A “ War of Attrition ”
A Multi-Front War
The Western Front
Trench Warfare
“No Man’s Land”
Verdun – February, 1916 e German offensive. e Each side had 500,000 casualties. e German offensive. e Each side had 500,000 casualties.
The Somme – July, 1916 e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months. e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.
War Is HELL !!
Sacrifices in War
Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun
The Eastern Front
The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915
Turkish Cavalry in Palestine
T. E. Lawrence & the “Arab Revolt”,
T. E. Lawrence & Prince Faisal at Versailles,
The Tsar with General Brusilov
The “ Colonial ” Fronts
Sikh British Soldiers in India
Fighting in Africa British Sikh Mountain Gunners Black Soldiers in the German Schutztruppen [German E. Africa]
Fighting in Africa 3 rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade
Fighting in Salonika, Greece French colonial marine infantry from Cochin, China
America Joins the Allies
The Sinking of the Lusitania
The Zimmerman Telegram
The Yanks Are Coming! The Yanks Are Coming!
Americans in the Trenches
The War of the Industrial Revolution: New Technology
French Renault Tank
British Tank at Ypres
U-Boats
Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats
The Airplane “Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917
The Flying Aces of World War I Eddie Rickenbacher, US Francesco Barraco, It. Rene Pauk Fonck, Fr. Manfred von Richtoffen, Ger. [The “Red Baron”] Willy Coppens de Holthust, Belg. Eddie “Mick” Mannoch, Br.
Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant
Looking for the “Red Baron?”
The Zeppelin
Flame Throwers Grenade Launchers
Poison Gas Machine Gun
1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died
11 a.m., November 11, 1918 The Armistice is Signed!
Effects of the War
9,000,000 Dead 9,000,000 Dead
The Somme American Cemetary, France 116,516 Americans Died
World War I Casualties
The Treaty of Versailles which will DESTROY Germany for years to come and unwittingly lead to WWII (History Spoiler Alert!!!) Post-War Pessimism: Folks are pretty negative about EVERYTHING. This will play a major role in why the 1920s will be so “poppin”! The Decline of European Powers and the Rise of the United States: Before WWI, Britain particularly was seen as the superpower of the world. However, the United States, already the most powerful industrial nation in the world, seals their reputation with the mammoth military might (note my alliteration, please) thanks to machines. Europe is, for all practical purposes, a literal hot mess. The destruction left behind thanks to a total war was unmatched…until another world war came along.