Egypt World History Chapter B.C. – 671 B.C.

The Dating Game  What does B.C. mean?  It stands for Before Christ, and it means the number of years before the birth of Jesus Christ. That was 2000 years ago, so the date 552 B.C. means 2552 years ago. Jesus ChristJesus Christ

 What does A.D. mean?  A.D. stands for Anno Domini, which is Latin for "year of our Lord," and it means the number of years since the birth of Jesus Christ. That was 2000 years ago, so the date 500 A.D. means 1500 years ago. Jesus ChristJesus Christ

Introduction  Where is Egypt?

 What do you know about ancient Egyptian people?

What can we infer about ancient Egyptians from these pictures?

Section 1 The Nile  Area where Egyptians settled  Civilization lasted about 2000 years –lasting impression  Flows north 4,145 miles –central Africa to Mediterranean –last 600 miles in Egypt

Section 2 The Old Kingdom  The Beginning –Upper Egypt-Led by King Menes - Lower Egypt- invaded by King Menes –First pharaoh and founder of first line of dynasties (3100 bc)  King married lower Egyptian princess  two kingdoms unite  called “wearer of both crowns” –lasted about 500 years

How They Lived  The City –center of religion and government –Kings, government officials, Priests, Artisans  The Estates –Rich Egyptians lived –commoners lived in villages on estates

The Pharaoh  Strong ruler = strength and unity of country  King ---- Pharaoh (great house)  Son of the Sun God, Amon-Re  Believed to be –ruler –priest –god –ruled on earth (not heaven)

Old Kingdom  Pyramid Age  Pharaoh Zoser, appointed Imhotep to design pyramids  2200 CE, period of disorder

Temples of Amon-Re  built by enslaved people  also industrial centers  artisans worked there  boys trained to be scribes –religious works,spells,charms,prayers –record keepers

Pyramids  way of showing respect to the Pharaoh  called houses of eternity –tombs –west bank of Nile because sun went down –buried with their personal belongings for happiness

Middle Kingdom  South of Egypt  Ruled by Ahmose I, sent expeditions to Kush, Syria, Mesopotamia, Crete  1750 CE, ruled by the Hyksos

New Kingdom  CE, Empire Age  CE, ruled by Queen Hatshepsut  Thutmose III, conquered Palestine & Syria.  Amenhotep IV, ordered to worship other gods except of ATON OBELISK

Tutankhamen aka “King Tut”  took over after the death of his father-in-law Amenhotep died.  He was nine years old; and married!  Reverted back to Amon-Re  Died at 18

New Kingdom  Ramses II, last great ruler of New Kingdom, spent 67 year reign fighting the Hittites of Asia minor  Queen Cleopatra, last pharaoh of Egypt  31 CE, Egypt became a province of Roman Empire

Religious Beliefs  Believed in many gods  Hapi – river god –water and good soil  Re - sun god –crops to grow  Osiris – harvest & eternal life  Isis – Wife of Osiris –they ruled the underworld

Way down yonder …  souls went to the underworld  weighed on a scale  spells, good life, scales balanced –granted life after death  Book of the Dead –spell book

The Mummy…Whaaaaaa  NO STINKY PHAROAHS ALLOWED –embalming to preserve the bodies –believed the soul could not live without the body –covered body with a chemical called natron  dried up all the bodies water causing it to shrink  wrapped in linen after dried up – –How to Make A Mummy!How to Make A Mummy!

Egyptian Writing Hieroglyphics  pictures stand for words or sounds  painted or carved them on their monuments  The Translator The Translator The Translator

Factors that brought an end to Egypt  constant struggle for power between the priests and pharaohs  pharaohs desire to conquer neighboring countries  using money to import iron for weapons that other countries already had  671 B.C. Assyrians take them over

Egyptian Contributions  Papyrus paper – made from flattened reeds  ink – to write on the papyrus  mathematical system based on 10 (metric)  survey methods  made a calendar based on the flooding of the Nile  specialists in medicine –splints, bandages, stitches, setting bones –stomach ache-castor oil –hair loss- dog toes, dates and donkey hoof

The End…