The Science of Biology Chapter 1 p Biology 2009 Scientific Method

Terms: Science- Asexual Reproduction Observation- Homeostasis Inference- Metabolism Hypothesis- Biosphere Controlled experiment- Scientific Method Independent variable- Experimental group Dependent variable Control group Control/ placebo Data theory Bias Biology DNA Stimulus Sexual Reproduction Biology 2009 Scientific Method2

Term: Science Derived from Latin word scientia which mean “knowledge” Knowledge that has been gathered over time 3Biology 2009 Scientific Method

What is Science- What are its Goals Science is used as a way of “Knowing” Used to make observations Used to gather and analyze evidence Scientific Studies collected over time Deals with the natural world Organized Conclusions based on evidence- not beliefs Used to provide explanations of events Used to predict future event 4Biology 2009 Scientific Method

Key Point Science is not a collection of unchanging beliefs about the world. Science is constantly changing- What you parents learned in HS may not be what you are learning today. What may be printed in your current text could be wrong this afternoon. It is important for you to be a critical thinker and continue to ask questions about the known and the unknown!! 5Biology 2009 Scientific Method

Problem You come home from school today and you find that your lights are out- What do you do? 6Biology 2009 Scientific Method

Scientific Method 1.Observation - What you see 2.Inference - logical interpretation based on what some one might know, personal experiences 3.Hypothesis - educated guess that can be both testable and falsifiable, explanation of observations 7Biology 2009 Scientific Method

Inference vs. Observation 1.The skin is red 2.The strawberry is edible 3.The skin is rough 4.The skin is easily broken 5.There are no seeds inside the berry 8Biology 2009 Scientific Method

Scientific Method Cont: 4. Design a Controlled Experiment keep all but one variable the same Is used to test a hypothesis and predictions a. Control Group- normal standard which biologists compare the experimental group b. Experimental Group- what is being changed in the experiment 9Biology 2009 Scientific Method

Scientific Method cont: Two types of Variables: 1.Independent –what is changed, what you are testing (Manipulated variable) (x-axis) 2. Dependent -what is measured, it changes in response to the independent (Responding variable) (y-axis) 10Biology 2009 Scientific Method

Scientific Method 5. Collect and Analyzing Data This is very important- collect data as it is – it is what it is!! DO NOT fix your data to fit your hypothesis!! Two Types: Quantitative- numbers, measurements Qualitative- can not be counted, survey, observations 11Biology 2009 Scientific Method

Scientific Method cont: 6. Drawing Conclusions : using the data to support or dispute original hypothesis 7. Possible Errors 8. Revise Hypothesis/ experimental design 9. Peer Review- evulations of ones work 10. Theory- well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations and hypotheses that allow for scientist make accurate predications about new situations 12Biology 2009 Scientific Method

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Science and Society How do these things influence science?? Things that can change the way we think about science: Technology Religion Ethics and morality Bias- personal rather than scientific 14Biology 2009 Scientific Method

Use the Scientific Method to Solve the Problem Observe: grass length ? Why do marsh grasses grow to different heights in different places? Biology 2009 Scientific Method15

Based on your knowledge what factors could change the growth? Come up with a hypothesis. Factors: Hypothesis: How could you test it: Control: Variables: Biology 2009 Scientific Method16

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Analyze the Data Hypo: Independent: Dependent: 19Biology 2009 Scientific Method

Analyze the Data Hypo: Independent: Dependent: 20Biology 2009 Scientific Method

Analyze the Data Hypo: Independent: Dependent: 21Biology 2009 Scientific Method

1.3 Biology- Study of Life What is life? What makes something Living? Characteristics of living things 1.Made of cells (Cell Theory) 2.Made of DNA- universal genetic code 3.Obtain and use materials and energy (metabolism) 4.Grow and develop 5.Reproduce (sexual & asexual) 6.Respond to the environment (stimulus) 7.Maintain stable internal environment- homeostasis 8.Ability to change over time (Evolution) 22Biology 2009 Scientific Method

Big Ideas 1.Cellular basis of life 2.Information and heredity 3.Matter and energy 4.Growth, development and reproduction 5.Homeostasis 6.Evolution 7.Structure and function 8.Unity and diversity of life 9.Interdependence in nature 10.Ways of knowing 23Biology 2009 Scientific Method

Scientific Measurement Use metric system (CPE review) 24Biology 2009 Scientific Method

Tools and Techniques Light Microscopes (compound light micro) -Shines light through a specimen and has two lenses to magnify and image Parts- 1.Eyepiece or Ocular lens- magnifies the images (10X) 2.Objective lens- enlarges images 3.Stage- supports a slide 4.Light source- provides light 25Biology 2009 Scientific Method

Magnification and Resolution Magnification- is the increase of an object’s apparent size. Power of magnification- objective lens X the ocular lens ( 100x X 10x = 1000x) Resolution- the pose to show details (clarity) 26Biology 2009 Scientific Method

Electron Microscopes 1.Scanning electron microscope (SEM)-Uses beams of electrons (100,000 times) 3-dimensional 2. Transmission electron microscope (TEM)- (200,000 times) detailed ve/transm.html 27Biology 2009 Scientific Method

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