Thermal energy can be made useful by controlling its transfer and by transforming it into other forms of energy.

Essential Questions What are some common types of heating systems? What are the first and second laws of thermodynamics? How does an internal combustion engine work? How does a refrigerator work? Using Thermal Energy Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

Heating Systems Using Thermal Energy Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

Heating Systems Most buildings contain some type of heating system. Using Thermal Energy Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

Heating Systems Most buildings contain some type of heating system. Oldest method – wood or coal-burning stove. Using Thermal Energy Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

Heating Systems Most buildings contain some type of heating system. Oldest method – wood or coal-burning stove. Forced-Air Systems: most common type of heating system in use today Using Thermal Energy Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

Heating Systems Most buildings contain some type of heating system. Oldest method – wood or coal-burning stove. Forced-Air Systems: most common type of heating system in use today Radiator System: Hot water or steam – conduction and convection used to spread. Using Thermal Energy Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

Heating Systems Most buildings contain some type of heating system. Oldest method – wood or coal-burning stove. Forced-Air Systems: most common type of heating system in use today Radiator System: Hot water or steam – conduction and convection used to spread. Electric Heating Systems: Conduction and convection spread heat in individual coil systems. Using Thermal Energy Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

Heating Systems Most buildings contain some type of heating system. Oldest method – wood or coal-burning stove. Forced-Air Systems: most common type of heating system in use today Radiator System: Hot water or steam – conduction and convection used to spread. Electric Heating Systems: Conduction and convection spread heat in individual coil systems. Solar Heating: radiant energy from the Sun can be used to help heat homes Active and Passive Using Thermal Energy Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

Active Solar Heating Solar collectors used that absorb radiant energy from the Sun. roof or south side of a building Using Thermal Energy Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

8 acres of skylights allow about 70% of the natural light to enter the Mall 4.3 miles of total store front footage 7 Yankee Stadiums can fit inside the Mall 27 rides and attractions in Nickelodeon Universe ® 32 Boeing 747s could fit inside the Mall 70 degrees inside Mall of America whether its spring, summer, winter or fall 258 Statues of Liberty could lie inside the Mall 12,550 on-site parking spaces at Mall of America in two ramps 30,000+ live plants and 400 live trees climbing as high as 35 feet tall in Nickelodeon Universe 32,000+ tons of trash recycled each year 4.87 million square feet of gross building area 40 million visitors annually which is more than the combined populations of North Dakota, South Dakota, Iowa...and Canada If Mount Rushmore was divided into individual monuments, a president could reside in each of the Mall’s four courts

Thermodynamics Using Thermal Energy Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

Thermodynamics Thermal energy, heat, and work are related, and the study of the relationship among them is thermodynamics. Using Thermal Energy Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

Heat and Work Increase Thermal Energy Using Thermal Energy Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

Heat and Work Increase Thermal Energy You increase the energy of a system whenever you do work on that system or heat that system. Using Thermal Energy Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

The First Law of Thermodynamics Using Thermal Energy Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

The First Law of Thermodynamics The energy in a system remains constant, even thought it changes forms. Using Thermal Energy Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

The Second Law of Thermodynamics Energy spontaneously spreads from regions of higher energy to regions of lower energy. Using Thermal Energy Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

Converting Thermal Energy to Mechanical Energy Using Thermal Energy Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

Converting Thermal Energy to Mechanical Energy Heat Engine. Gas converts to thermal energy. Engine transforms thermal energy into mechanical energy by rotating the car’s wheels. Using Thermal Energy Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

Internal Combustion Engines The heat engine in a car is an internal combustion engine in which fuel is burned inside the engine in chambers or cylinders. Each cylinder contains a piston that moves up and down. Each up-and-down movement of the piston is called a stroke. Using Thermal Energy Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

Internal Combustion Engine Using Thermal Energy Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

Other Thermal Energy Transfers Refrigerator Heat Pumps Air conditioners Using Thermal Energy Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

The Human Coolant Your body uses evaporation to keep its internal temperature constant. As you exercise, your body generates sweat. As the sweat evaporates, it carries away thermal energy. Using Thermal Energy Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

Geothermal Heat