Aim: How to calculate Percent Composition  DO NOW: 1. What is the number of moles of potassium chloride present in 148 g? 2. What is the molar mass of.

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Presentation transcript:

Aim: How to calculate Percent Composition  DO NOW: 1. What is the number of moles of potassium chloride present in 148 g? 2. What is the molar mass of CuSO 4 5H 2 O? (Hint the dot is not multiplication) How to Calculate % Composition

Percent Composition How to Calculate % Composition

Percent Composition from Mass Data How to Calculate % Composition

Percent Composition from Chemical Formula How to Calculate % Composition

Percent Composition from Chemical Formula To calculate the percent composition of a component in a compound: 1. Find the molar mass of the compound by adding up the masses of each atom in the compound. 2. Calculate the molar mass of the component in the compound for which you are solving. 3. Divide the molar mass of the component by the total molar mass of the compound and multiply by 100 How to Calculate % Composition

Percent Composition from Chemical Formula How to Calculate % Composition  Step1 8C + 10H +4N + 2O (8 x 12.0 g/mol) + (10 x 1.0 g/mol) + ( 4 x 14.0 g/mol) + (2 x 16.0 g/mol) = g/mol

How to Calculate % Composition

Percent Composition of Crystal Hydrates  A HYDRATE is a CRYSTALLINE compound in which ions are attached to one or more WATER molecules.  Example: Na 2 CO 3 10H 2 O  Notice how WATER molecules are BUILT INTO the chemical formula  Substances without water built into the formula are called ANHYDRATES. How to Calculate % Composition

Problem: What is the percentage by mass of water in sodium carbonate crystals (Na 2 CO 3 10H 2 O)?  Step 1: Calculate the formula mass for the hydrate. Na = 2 x 23.0 g/ mol = g/mol C = 1 x 12.0 g/mol = 12.0 g/mol O = 3 x g/mol = 48.0 g/mol H 2 O = 10 x 18.0 g/mol = 180 g/mol Formula mass of hydrate = 286 g/mol How to Calculate % Composition

Step 2: Set up and Calculate  % composition by mass = mass of part/ mass of whole X 100%  % H 2 O by mass =(180 g/mol)/(286 g/mol) x 100%  % H 2 O by mass = 62.9 % How to Calculate % Composition

Practice Problems 1. A 45.9 g sample of copper, Cu, combined with oxygen to give g of an oxide compound. The percent composition of this compound is: a % Cu, 11.2% O b. 24.4% Cu, 75.6% O c. 60.1% Cu, 39.9 % O d. 11.3% Cu, 88.7% O How to Calculate % Composition

2. Calculate the percent compost ion of each set: H2OH2O H=___11.1%_____O=______88.9%______ H2O2H2O2 H = ____5.88%____O =_______94.1%_____ How to Calculate % Composition

3. How many grams of sodium will combine with g of Sulfur from Na 2 S? (Hint: use % composition as conversion factor) g How to Calculate % Composition