Test Review

Industrialization social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial one, developing machines and factories to produce goods once made by hand/human power only.

Industrial Revolution begins in Britain Great Britain’s advantages Large Population Natural Resources Water Power / Fuel Iron Ore Rivers Harbors Expanding Economy Banking system / loans for investment Political Stability

9 Negatives of IR 1. No development plans, sanitary codes or building codes and pollution 2. Lacked adequate housing, education, and police protection 3. Unpaved streets, no drains 4. Dark, dirty shelters. Families living in 1 bedroom 5. Sickness widespread (cholera) 6. City life span 17 years

7. Average work day 14 hours 6 days a week 8. Dangers of not well lit, Machine injuries. Coal Mines most dangerous 9.Many Women/Children worked in Coal Mines

Britain’s Factors of Production Factor of Production DefinitionExample from textile industry LandProperty or land use to produce Property for the factory, land for farming to grow sheep or cotton LaborPeople or employees or workers Factory workers, shippers, management, owners CapitalThings used to produce Textile machines, farm equipment, trucks or trains to ship, money

Urbanization By1800s people could earn higher wages in factories than on farms 1800’s balance shifted from rural (farms) areas to urban (cities) large cities more than doubled Period known as urbanization

Economic Systems Capitalism, Socialism, Communism

Positive Effects of Industrialization 1. New Jobs 2. Added Wealth to Nation 3. Technological Progress and invention 4. Raised standard of living 5. Hope of improvement 6. Life of laborers eventually improved with labor unions

Industrialization Spreads US follows England Begins with Textiles Railroads Use of Corporations (Rockefeller, Carnegie)

Inventors Jethro Tull John Kay Eli Whitney James Watts Robert Fulton Cyrus McCormick I.M. Singer Alexander Graham Bell