Vitruvian Principles The interdependency of firmitas, utilitas and venustas in architecture and design By Pui-Ling Lau

Vitruvius De Architectura Influential Leonardo da Vinci Michaelangelo Andrea Palladio Leon Battista Alberti Drainage wheel for mines Vitruvian man St. Peter’s Basilica Sant'Andrea, Mantua Villa Barbaro

Fundamental principles of architecture commodity client Firmitas Utilitas Venustas Firmness, well-made, structured builder architect firmness delight Useful, functional, primary and secondary spaces Problem with the word ‘delight’ See Alison Barnes “Architectural space is first of all utilitarian. Architectural art begins physical and ends psychological.” James O’Gorman Delight, beauty, order, arrangement, symmetry

The fundamental principles and web design Business Commodity Firmness Delight Ensure return for time invested Site must have function Site must be well-made Site must have beauty, order, arrangement, symmetry

BBC Food

Google Google’s Design Principles “The Google User Experience team aims to create designs that are useful, fast, simple, engaging, innovative, universal, profitable, beautiful, trustworthy, and personable. Achieving a harmonious balance of these ten principles is a constant challenge. A product that gets the balance right is “Googley” – and will satisfy and delight people all over the world.” “Delight the eye without distracting the mind” Google user experience: Design principles

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