HEALTHY REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS

Target: I will be able to identify disorders of the reproductive system and explain the steps of a breast self- exam and testicular self-exam Pg. 27 Male Reproductive Health Circumcision: Removal of the foreskin at the end of the penis It is done to reduce the risk of urinary tract infections

Men who are not circumcised should pull the foreskin back and clean the penis regularly to prevent smegma from collecting (a substance of dead skin cells and other secretions)

Sterility (Infertility): Cannot produce offspring due to too low sperm count or poor quality sperm Result of environmental hazard, temperature change, over exposure to X-rays, smoking tobacco or marijuana, excessive use of alcohol, or STIs

Prostate Gland: a walnut-sized gland located between the bladder and the penis which secretes fluid that nourishes and protects sperm Enlarged Prostate Gland- restricts urination, may be due to infection, tumors, and may require medication and/or surgery Cancer of the Prostate- 2 nd most common cancer in males Needs to get checked starting at age 50

Testicular Self-Examination: A monthly check of both testes for pain or lumps which could indicate cancerous growths. Cancer of the Testes: most likely between the ages of 15 to 34 Symptoms include enlarged testes, may have dull pain or hard lumps

Preforming a Testicular Self-Examination: 1.Cup one testicle at a time in your hands 2.Examine each by rolling the testicle between the thumb and fingers using slight pressure 3.Familiarize yourself with the spermatic cord and epididymis which connect on the back side of each testicle. 4.Feel for lumps, changes in size or any irregularities.

Female Reproductive Health Menstrual Cramps: pain cause by contractions of the uterus. Also known as Dysmenorrhea: extreme pain during menstruation caused by severe uterine contractions or by endometriosis, PID, tumors, or eptopic pregnancy Exercise and light heat may relax muscles Reducing intake of sodium and caffeine may also reduce them

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS): a combination of physical and emotional symptoms 7-10 days before menstruation Symptoms include headaches, backaches, mood swings, fatigue, weight gain, bloating, cravings, and anxiety or depression Avoid caffeine and sodium to reduce bloating, exercise regularly to produce endorphins to improve mood and anxiety.

Toxic Shock Syndrome: severe illness caused when vaginal bacteria secrete a toxin that gets in the bloodstream. Girls ages are most frequently affected Most instances are when tampons are used Symptoms include: aching muscles, bloodshot eyes, sore throat, fever (102 +), vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, fainting, and a red rash. Fatal if not treated Pg. 29

Female Infertility Blocked fallopian tubes caused by past STI, PID, or an eptopic pregnancy

Endometriosis: inflammation of the lining of the uterus Second leading cause of infertility Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): Infection of the fallopian tubes or ovaries which damages reproductive organs

Ovarian Cysts: Fluid filled sacs on the ovaries Most dissolve on their own but large ones must be removed surgically Cervical Cancer Detected with a Pap Smear: a screening test in which cells are scraped from the cervix Should be done after the age of 18 every three years, or once you become sexually active

Preforming a Breast Self-Examination: 1.Perform a self-exam approximately 3-7 days after your menstrual cycle 2.It’s best to perform it laying down in bed or in the shower 3.Use your left hand to exam your right breast and vise-versa (put the other hand on top of your head) 4.Begin by pressing the pads of your middle fingers down the collar bone and into the armpit

4. Work your way around the breast pressing in a circular motion, up and down beginning on the outside of the breast and working your way to the nipples 5. Feel for lumps, knots or changes in skin texture

4. Work your way around the breast pressing in a circular motion, up and down beginning on the outside of the breast and working your way to the nipples 5. Feel for lumps, knots or changes in skin texture Summary:

TESTING MY KNOWLEDGE Write 10 multiple choice test questions about male and female reproductive health and problems that can lead to infertility. Answer choices should be realistic and contains choices a-d Mark the correct answer with a highlighter or marker. Pg. 26

PERFORMING SELF-EXAMINATIONS Testicular Self-Examination Diagram the steps to perform a testicular self-exam (All pictures need to be scientifically/medically accurate) Breast Self-Examination Diagram the steps to perform a breast self-exam (All pictures need to be scientifically/medically accurate) Write the steps below the pictures and use a minimum of 4 colors Pg. 28