Mapping the Celestial sphere

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Presentation transcript:

Mapping the Celestial sphere Some definitions Locating stars and deep space objects Describing an objects position

The Celestial Sphere

Some Definitions Celestial (Heavens) Imaginary Points in space directly in line with the earth Celestial sphere: The canopy of stars resembling a painting in the night Sky Celestial Poles: Points where the earth’s axis intersects with the celestial sphere

Celestial North Pole Polaris (North Star)

Celestial South Pole No Southern star Southern pole: Use the southern cross:

Some Definitions Celestial Equator Extend the earth's equator outward to the celestial sphere

Describing an objects position in the night sky with respect to the celestial Equator Declination (Latitude) Right Ascension (Longitude)

Location of a star Betelgeuse (470 light-years away; 20x > Sun) RA: 5h 55m 10.2s east of vernal equinox dec: 7°24’26” north of celestial equator

Some Definitions Zenith Nadir Horizons Imaginary point on celestial sphere directly overhead (90°) Nadir Exact opposite of the Zenith (you can not see it) Horizons Place where the earth and sky appear to meet Halfway between zenith and nadir

It cuts the celestial sphere into two halves Some Definitions Meridian Imaginary north-south line on the celestial sphere that is directly overhead on the observer It cuts the celestial sphere into two halves Morning half (a.m.) Evening half (p.m.)

Also known as alpha Canis Major (or aCMa) Constellations Every star and object in the celestial sphere is in a constellation To locate a star Specify a constellation Rank it by order of brightness Brightest star? Sirius Found in Canis Major Also known as alpha Canis Major (or aCMa)

Putting the maps together

Not a constellation Asterisms A small grouping of stars, that do not make a constellation E.g.. The big dipper is part of Ursa Major

Location of nearest stars Alpha Centauri, Beta Centauri, and Proxima Centauri RA: 14h 29m 41s east of vernal equinox dec: -62°40’46” south Proxima Centauri (4.2 l-y but too dim to see w/o telescope) Alpha and Beta (4.4 l-y; apparent magnitude of -.28 combined)

Changing Constellations Throughout the seasons positions of constellation change do to earths revolution around the sun Over long periods of time constellations can change Star positions mover relative to each other on the celestial sphere