Chapter 17. 11 th & 12 th Century (1000-1200) Increase in church construction due to the following: pilgrimages to visit relics (said to have healing.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 17

11 th & 12 th Century ( ) Increase in church construction due to the following: pilgrimages to visit relics (said to have healing powers) crusades (literally “taking of the cross”) merged the monastic with military growing cities, expansion, increased population many earlier churches destroyed by Norsemen needed buildings that were fire proof, hold large crowds, good acoustics and lighting

Basic Characteristics of Romanesque style: breaks from old basilica hall-like space with flat walls new interior divided into compartments (bays) clearly defined modular units, repeated round arch buttress cylindrical apse radiating chapels square/round towers portals (doorways) become important area for sculptural decoration

Diagram of a Romanesque portal

Church and Reliquary of Sainte ‐ Foy, Conques, France, c. 1050–1130

Interior & Plan

Tympanum (portal)

Reliquary statue of Sainte-Foy (Saint Faith), late 10th to early 11th century with later additions, gold, silver gilt, jewels, and cameos over a wooden core, 33 1/2 inches

Bayeux tapestry, c. 1070, embroidered wool on linen, 20 inches high (Bayeux Museum)

4 Main Regions in Romanesque art, each with own characteristics France/Northern Spain Holy Roman Empire (Germany & Milan) Normandy/England Italy

France & Northern Spain

St. Sernin, Toulouse, France

St. Sernin Interior

Bernardus Gelduinus, Christ in Majesty, relief in ambulatory of Saint-Sernin. c. 1096

Cloister of Saint-Pierre, Moissac

Lions & Old Testament Prophet (Jeremiah or Isaiah?) Trumeau of south portal of St.-Pierre, Moissac, France

Giselbertus, Last Judgement, West tympanum of St.- Lazare, Autun

Morgan Madonna 12 th century painted wood

Holy Roman Empire

Speyer Cathedral, Germany

Sant’ Ambrogio, Milan 11 th -12 th century

Italy

Baptistery, Cathedral, and Campanile, in Pisa

Baptistery of San Giovanni, Florence. dedicated 1059

San Miniato al Monte, Florence and 12th century

Wiligelmo, Creation and Temptation of Adam and Eve. c. 1110, Modena Cathedral, frieze

King David by Benedetto Antelami. c

Normandy & England

St.-Etienne, Caen. begun 1067

Durham Cathedral, England. beg. c. 1093