Stable Isotopes of Geological Interest Oxygen Isotopes.

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Presentation transcript:

Stable Isotopes of Geological Interest

Oxygen Isotopes

Oxygen Isotope Variations

Fractionation of Oxygen Isotopes

Measurement of Oxygen Isotopes Analysis of oxygen isotopes in silicates and oxides usually involves the liberation of oxygen through fluorination with ClF 3 or BrF 5 followed by reduction of the oxygen gas to CO 2 at high- temperatures for measurement in a mass spectrometer. This method was first developed by Clayton and Mayeda (1963) using BrF 5 and modified by Borthwick and Harmon (1982) for use with ClF 3. This can be done using a conventional silicate line using Ni- reaction vessels, a laser line both of which need a fluorination agent or an ion-probe which doesn’t. Analysis is normally done on a dual-inlet gas source mass spectrometer.

Mass Spectrometry

Measurement of Oxygen Isotopes Low reaction yields can lead to fractionation of the oxygen isotopes and is a serious problem for analysis of refractory minerals such as olivine and garnet. In addition, conventional analysis on a silicate extraction line is not capable of analysing small samples in-situ and means that natural sample heterogeneity cannot be detected. These problems have to some extent been overcome with the development of laser-fluorination lines first described by Sharp (1990) More recently, the ion-probe has been used to determin oxygen isotope ratios at the sub-grain scale in zircons and other refractory minerals and has been pivotal in furthering our understanding of the development of the early Earth atmosphere.

Measurement of Oxygen Isotopes

Hydrogen Isotopes

Hydrogen Isotope Variations

Fractionation of Hydrogen Isotopes

Measurement of Hydrogen Isotopes

Carbon Isotopes

Carbon Isotope Variation

Carbon Isotope Fractionation

Measurement of Carbon Isotopes

Stable Isotope Standards

Sulphur Isotopes

Sulphur Isotope Variations

Sulphur Isotope Fractionation

Measurement of Sulphur Isotopes

Nitrogen Isotopes

Nitrogen Isotope Variations

Nitrogen Isotope Fractionation

Measurement of Nitrogen Isotopes