Fuel Contamination Gasoline into diesel fuel – Problems Lower diesel flashpoint - fire hazard Poor operability for diesel engines, lower cetane number.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Module 1: Chemical and Physical Characteristics of Biodiesel Fuels
Advertisements

Flash Point-Ignition Point
Storage of Flammable and Combustible Liquids
Regulations (Standards - 29 CFR) Flammable and Combustible liquids
Flammable and Combustible Liquids
1. Glenpool South Tank Farm Glenpool, Oklahoma April 7, 2003 Storage Tank Explosion and Fire ConocoPhillips.
Chemistry of Fire.
Module 2: Chemical and Physical Characteristics of Ethanol and Hydrocarbon Fuels.
Module 2: Chemical and Physical Characteristics of Ethanol and Hydrocarbon Fuels.
Higher Chemistry Unit 2(a) Fuels. Petrol The gasoline fraction of crude oil is the main source of petrol. The gasoline fraction is obtained by the fractional.
PROPERTIES OF FLAMMABLE MATERIALS. Flammability Flammable Flammable –Capable of being ignited and of burning –Synonymous with combustible.
Developing fuels DF 3 Petrol is popular. Petrol and Crude Oil Petrol is a mixture of many different compounds blended to give the right properties 30%
1 Module 2: Chemical and Physical Characteristics of Ethanol and Hydrocarbon Fuels.
Fires and Explosions.
Safe Handling of Flammable and Combustible Liquids
1 Flammable and Combustible Liquids INSY 3020 Spring 2006.
Flammable and Combustible Liquids. Flammable liquids v Class I - liquids have flashpoints below 100 degrees F, with vapor pressures not exceeding 40 psia.
Flammable and Combustible Liquids. Flammable liquids Class I - liquids have flashpoints below 100 degrees F, with vapor pressures not exceeding 40 psia.
Fire Triangle In order to understand how fire extinguishers work, you first need to know a little bit about fire. Four things must be present at the same.
Household Hazardous Waste. Flammable / Ignitable O wastes can create fires under certain conditions, are spontaneously combustible, or have a flash point.
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Automotive Technology, Fifth Edition James Halderman DIESEL AND BIODIESEL FUELS 68.
ADDITIVES. What you mean by fuel Additive?  Any substance added in small amounts to something else to improve, strengthen, or otherwise alter it.  Fuel.
Liquid Fuel Safety Cummins Southern Plains, Ltd..
Calderglen High School.
ValvTect Petroleum Products “Quality Petroleum Products Through Modern Technology”
Properties of Fuels.
Laboratory Safety-Flammable Liquids Flammable Liquids and Fire Codes for Laboratories.
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
Copyright © Flammable & Combustible Liquids.
Automotive Fuel and Emissions Control Systems 3/e By James D. Halderman Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ
Standard 29 CFR Part Flammable & Combustible Liquids.
WFU Explore this site Turn in Safety “Quiz” by Monday. Must make an 80%.
Flammable and Combustible Liquids
HAZCOM Hazard Communication Standard “The Right-to-Know”
Flammable and Combustible Liquids Presented by Martina Schmeling Adapted From OSHA.
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS. OSHA Office of Training and Education - Revised by TEEX 12/05/07 2 Terminal Objective Describe the hazards and requirements of working.
CHEMICAL HAZARD & SAFETY THE BASIC CHEMICAL HAZARD CLASSIFICATION.
Hazardous Materials Subpart H. Subpart H Standards Compressed Gases Acetylene Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrous Oxide Flammable.
FIRES AND EXPLOSION LECTURE 10.
Design & Analysis of Combustion System for Diesel Engines P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department Means & Methods to Promote Matured.
© 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning Chapter 5 Hazards of Liquids.
Hazardous Materials Subpart H. Subpart H Standards Compressed Gases Acetylene Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrous Oxide Flammable.
Flammable and Combustible Liquids. Introduction !The two primary hazards associated with flammable and combustible liquids are explosion and fire !Safe.
Biodiesel & Natural Gas By: Ernesto Castro. Biodiesel Biodiesel is a domestically produced, renewable, fuel that can be manufactured from vegetable oils,
FLAMMABLES. 1. PROPERTIES OF FLAMMABLES Combustion (redox) reactions Solids, gases, most commonly liquids Fire Tetrahedron Ignition sources External-
Advanced Engine Performance Diagnosis, Fourth Edition James D. Halderman Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS 1 Bureau of Workers’ Comp PA Training for Health & Safety (PATHS) OSHA 29CFR PPT
Flammable and Combustible Liquids Standard 29 CFR Part City of Council Bluffs Presented by: SilverStone Group © 2006, 2012 Zywave, Inc. All rights.
Flammable Liquids Directorate of Training and Education
Direct Injection Engine • Direct-Injection (DI) or Open Chamber Engine: In this design, the fuel is injected directly into the cylinder chamber. Direct.
Safe Handling of Flammable and Combustible Liquids.
August 1, 2017 Georgia Department of Agriculture
Fire Loss Control - Basic Elements
Trident Environmental and Engineering, Inc.
DIESEL AND BIODIESEL FUELS
Safe Handling of Flammable and Combustible Liquids
Flammable and combustible liquids
Dealing with Gasoline and ULSD Cross Drops
Sediment in Ethanol Blended Gasoline (Impact on underground storage tank) August 25, 2016.
Arson and Fire Investigation
Vocabulary ARSON AND EXPLOSIVES.
Flammable and Combustible Liquids
Chemical Storage.
Figure 4.2 A gas can that meets the California Resources Board (CARB) approval uses a spring-loaded sealed nozzle that eliminates gasoline spillage and.
مایعات قابل اشتعال و احتراق پذیر
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
Fuel The topic ‘fuel’ is divided into three parts:
Flammable & Combustible Liquids
Safe Handling of Flammable and Combustible Liquids
Presentation transcript:

Fuel Contamination Gasoline into diesel fuel – Problems Lower diesel flashpoint - fire hazard Poor operability for diesel engines, lower cetane number Engine damage – Long term corrosion problem for the diesel underground storage tanks

Outline What is a Diesel Flashpoint? Flammable vs. Combustible Hydrocarbons Diesel Flashpoint affected by Gasoline Testing data at retailers from State Oil Laboratory – Substantial increase in failure in FY2015 – Summer vs Non-Summer season (vapor Pressure) Flashpoint of Diesel from Terminals Possible root causes

What is a Flashpoint? The flashpoint of a volatile material is the lowest temperature at which it can vaporize to form an ignitable mixture in air. When the ignition source is removed, the vapor may cease to burn. Too low of a flashpoint is a fire hazard because ignition may continue and lead to explosion. ASTM D975 Diesel Specification: 125 ° F minimum

U.S. Definition of Flammable Liquid Class IA flammable liquids have a flashpoint below 73 °F (22.8 °C) (the upper end of the common range of room temperature) and a boiling point below 100 °F Class IB flammable liquids have a flash point below 73 °F (22.8 °C) and a boiling point greater than or equal to 100 °F (37.8 °C) Class IC flammable liquids have a flash point greater than or equal to 73 °F (22.8 °C) and below 100 °F (37.8 °C)

Combustible Liquids Class II combustible liquids have a flash point greater than or equal to 100 °F (37.8 °C) and below 140 °F (60 °C) Class IIIA combustible liquids have a flash point greater than or equal to 140 °F (60 °C) and below 200 °F (93.3 °C) Class IIIB combustible liquids have a flash point greater than or equal to 200 °F (93.3 °C)

Problems with Low Flashpoint Diesel (gasoline contamination) Safety Hazard Lower Cetane Number Increases the Auto-ignition temperature – vaporizes more fuel prior to ignition; rapid pressure changes; engine noise and knocks Lower Lubricity Burns Hotter

Gasoline: low flashpoint, high auto-ignition temp Diesel: high flashpoint, low auto-ignition temp. Mixed with ethanol blended gasoline – Increase diesel auto-ignition temp. – Ethanol + water + biodiesel* = perfect recipe for bacteria growth and corrosion * most diesel fuel contains up to 5% biodiesel

All terminals are OK. Samples from Terminal 6 is not from the Pipeline

All OK, except the one from the tanker truck

Flashpoint Test Methods Tifton Lab – ASTM D93 Penske Martens Close Cup – 50 mil sample – ASTM official method Mobile Fuel Lab – ASTM D6450 Mini-flash Grabner (Continuous Close Cup) – 1-2 mil in an enclosed environment – No open flame, safe, no waste disposal

Possible Root Causes Diesel flashpoint failure is almost non-existent at the terminal level Switch Loading – residual gasoline from previous load Split Loading – share common drains and venting system Sharing common venting system for under ground fuel tanks Human error – mis-filling

Conclusion Gasoline contaminated diesel is the major problem for the local retailers at this time – more than water related. Affects more than 220 retail stations in FY2015 1% gasoline can reduce the diesel flashpoint by 30 ° F Winter season has more problem due to high vapor pressure of gasoline Diesel flashpoint failure at terminals is almost non- existent Switch loading probably the source of problems

Ethanol in Diesel Fuel Form bacteria in the presence of water: – water and ethanol phase creates a perfect environment for bacterial growth. The bacteria are known as Acetobacter aceti, which are able to survive in an acid environment with a pH of 4. – the bacteria have an orange color and are not harmful to humans. These bacteria are about 0.6 micron in diameter and 4 microns in length, which is relatively smaller than most common bacteria. – the bacteria form tiny chained particles that can clog injectors. – the bacteria generate an acetic acid during the growing process, which may subsequently corrode the underground tanks.

Acetobacter aceti Requires oxygen to grow; no evidence showing that it is a threat to humans Causes some detrimental effects on pineapples. - the pink disease Used in the production of vinegar by converting the ethanol in wine into acetic acid Able to survive in acidic environments

Underground ULSD Storage Tank Owners Keep water and ethanol out of the tanks Practice good housekeeping Do not share a common ventilation system with that of gasoline To minimize mis-fillings, follow the recommended API Product Delivery Color Code for the UST.