5 th Grade Matter

Let’s Break Down Matter Three states of matter: solid, liquid, gas Matter > compounds > elements > molecules > atoms > protons, electrons, and neutrons

Atoms Building blocks of all matter Too small to be seen even with a microscope. Atoms are the basis of chemistry. They are the basis for everything in the Universe.

What is Matter? Matter is anything that had mass and takes up space. Examples: you, the building, oxygen, water, etc.. How do you measure ALL matter quantitatively (mathematical measurements)? volume, weight, and mass What is the difference between mass and weight? Mass takes up more space like a pile of feathers. Weight is how much force gravity pulls the object to earth.

Weight A glass of water with ice weighs the same after the ice melts. When an object changes it state of matter, the weight does not change. When an object is broken into pieces that pieces together will still weigh the same as the whole object. If one substance is dissolved in another it will weigh the same as the combined weight of the two substances, even though one substance has been dissolved. Objects that are chewed do not weigh the same because substances dissolve. But what about the bubble gum we chewed, why did it why the same before and after chewing?

Qualitative Properties of Matter Texture, shape, color, smell, hardness Density and buoyancy Conducts electricity and magnetic Viscosity Ductility and flexibility (elasticity, rigidity,and plasticity) Transparency and opacity Reaction to heat and water Expansion and contraction Melting point, freezing point, and boiling point Strength

Relative Density Comparison of densities Buoyancy refers to something floating in a fluid (gas or liquid). In the diagram, the Box-shaped boats are all floating in water. This means that each boat is buoyant in water. Notice that the water line (which is the surface) touches the sides of boats A, B, and C at the same place. Thus these boats have the same density. Look at the second group of boats, D, E, and F. Notice that the boats are not equally buoyant. Notice that the boats are the same size. But each of the boats have a different mass, thus they have different densities. The greater the density of the boat, the greater is the boat’s relative density as compared to water. The greater the relative density of a boat compared to water the less buoyant is the boat and the lower the boats sinks in the water.

How can you separate mixtures? Sand and salt Sugar and iron fillings Oil and water Muddy water Gravel and perlite

Changing States of Matter Matter can change states Water has opposite properties, it expands when cooled Physical changes: a change of matter in size, shape, or state without making a new material Chemical changes: a change of matter creating anew material

Physical and Chemical Changes Cutting and slicing objects into pieces is a physical change Cooking is a chemical change Anything that is burnt is is a chemical change that produces nitrogen Baking soda and vinegar is a chemical change that produces carbon dioxide bubbles and gas Chemical or Physical Change? PowerPoint