26.2 and 26.3 European Claims in Africa

I. French in North Africa A.Algiers (1830) 1. Military occupation B.Tunis (1881) 1.Excuse to stage military action 2.Became a protectorate C.Morocco 1.Located on Strait of Gibraltar 2.Deal with Spain and Great Britain 3.French protectorate in 1909

II. The British in North Africa A.Egypt and the Suez Canal 1.French gov. started canal to connect Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea Egyptian gov. bought almost half of stock in company 2.Egyptian gov. in debt and sold their stock to Great Britain (1875) 3.British military sent to protect canal took control B.The Fashoda Crisis 1.Both Britain and France wanted control of Sudan (Upper Nile) 2.British invaded to stop a rebellion against Egypt 3.French forces also moved both armies meet at Fashoda 4.French back down and Britain controls Sudan

III. Competition for West Africa A.Original slave center B.Palm oil, feathers, ivory, rubber, and other products C.Pushed inward 1. Met resistance D.By 1900, France, Great Britain, Germany, Spain, and Portugal had claimed almost all of West Africa

IV. Competition for Central and East Africa A.Henry Stanley fueled interest with his search for Dr. Livingstone B.Central Africa 1.King Leopold II of Belgium personal colony of 900,000 square miles a.Striped of natural resources and rubber b.Used slave labor to extract 2.Turned over to Belgium government in 1908 C.East Africa 1. Famine weakened and could not resist European rule

VI. Competition for Southern Africa A.Dutch first settle in 1652 B.Early 1800’s became British colony C.The Boers 1.Descendants of the original Dutch settlers moved 2.Started three colonies (Orange Free Stat, Natal, and Transvaal) 3.War with Shaka and the Zulu nation D.Rhodes and his influence 1.Diamonds were found and Rhodes controlled diamond production E.The Boer War 1.Rhodes sponsored a group who tried to overthrow the Boers government 2.British defeat the Boers and begin mining

VII. The Effect of Imperialism on Africa A.Paternalism- ruling as a parent guiding a child B.Positives 1.New crops and farming techniques 2.Medicine, roads, railroads, and communication C.Results 1.Europeans took advantage 2.Many resisted imperialism by maintaining their own identity 3.Many Africans continue to live like they have for centuries

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