Native American Policy

Northwest Ordinance Promises "their lands and property shall never be taken away from them without their consent." Outcome White settlers moved in with military protection Battle of Tippecanoe (N.A. loss)

Cherokee V Georgia Promise Court rules Georgia cannot move Cherokee of their land Outcome Jackson ignores order

Indian Removal Promise Negotiate treaties with Indians to secure their removal past MS River Outcome Force N.A. to sign one sided treaties 2000 die on “Trail of Tears”

Dakota Sioux Uprising Promises Sioux in Minnesota moved to reservations in exchange they were promised annuities (payments $) Outcome Sioux were cheated out of payments Sioux attacked settlers 38 Sioux executed, rest exiled to Dakota territory

Sand Creek Massacre Promises N.A attacking Settlers moving into Colorado to search for gold/silver N.A told if they surrender would be protected Outcome N.A. arrive at Sand Creek waiting to negotiate Not entirely sure what happens but at end anywhere from N.A were dead

Indian Peace Commission Promises End tension between settlers & N.A. Create two large reservations Outcome pressure N.A to sign treaties, both sided did not abide by terms

Battle of Little Big Horn Promises Lakota Sioux promised land in S. Dakota Outcome Settlers move in when gold discovered, Settlers ignoring treaty so Indians leave reservation Government send Gen Custer to return Indians to reservation N.A kill Custer and his men

Wounded Knee Promises Stop performing N.A rituals Outcome Keep performing Ghost dance Government tries to arrest Sitting Bull, N.A resist Sitting Bull & 250 others die End of N.A resistance

Dawes Act Promise If N.A assimilate things will get better Broke up reservation into allotments (160 acres), rest sold to fund programs Outcome Assimilation dismal failure (destroys N.A culture) Many unsuccessful at farming (like homesteaders)

Ch 13 Summary

Mining/ranching Discovery of gold/silver attract settlers in Colorado, Dakota, Nevada, Montana Growth of cattle and sheep ranching atracted settlers to Texas, Montana, Wyoming, etc

Farming Cheap land of Homestead Act encouraged settlers Farming tech and climate moderation made the Great Plains into the Wheat Belt

Native Americans Federal government forced Plains Indians off their land with promising of receiving new land White settlers moved into lands promised to Native Americans Slaughter of the buffalo removed a major part of Native American way of life

Role of Railroad Ranchers = provided easy way to ship sheep/Cattle Farming = brought timber & coal to Great Plains advertised for settlers Native Americans = displace N.A. by moving settlers west, taking lands, & promoting buffalo slaughter