Phillip II of Spain v. Elizabeth I of England

Philip II of Spain Charles V –ruled Spain, Netherlands, Belgium, American colonies, HRE (Holy Roman Empire) –nothing went right for him; he abdicated (gave up throne) went to monastery –gave Spain etc. to son Philip and HRE to brother Philip II- king , height of Spanish greatness politically/ culturally –defeated Turkish navy at battle of Lepanto 1571 –crusader for Catholicism, “Most Catholic King” leader Counter Ref. Belgium/Netherlands part of Philip’s empire, mostly Calvinist (Protestant, NOT catholic) –Philip tried to crush Calvinism in Netherlands –William the Silent, Prince of Orange, led resistance Truce 1609, northern states free = United Provinces of the Netherlands Spain was the greatest empire at the time…….

Elizabeth I of England Elizabeth I ruled ; head of state/church –Church of England was Protestant, but accepted Catholics –wanted France and Spain evenly matched, supported weaker country to keep balance of power Philip II –Wanted to: take over England, end Protestantism, tried marriage, didn’t work….. Thus- Spanish armada-fleet of warship sent to invade England naval battles- England won (to Europe’s surprise) - English fire ships forced Spain North; a storm sent armada off course around Scotland and destroyed most of the ships (Protestant wind) Catholic internal threats to Elizabeth’s power – Mary, Queen of Scots (cousin, catholic, Scottish Queen, support of all European Catholics, raised by French royal family; Elizabeth had her imprisoned and later beheaded for the danger she posed to the throne of England) Has no heir, her cousin Mary’s son becomes king

Spanish Armada English Fire ships…… 1. English outnumbered! 2. Victory should have gone to Spain…. 3. People interpreted English victory as God intervening for the female protestant queen

Elizabeth v. Phillip & the Spanish Armada Elizabeth speaking to Spanish AmbassadorElizabeth speaking to Spanish Ambassador Battle Speech before Spanish Armada Fire Ships & Spanish Armada Battle

Mary, Queen of Scots- “Jenny from the Block” PmwlA&list=PLC8ACBA72AB38CB21http:// PmwlA&list=PLC8ACBA72AB38CB21

Find: Tudor and Stuart Royal Families

Revolutions in England James VI of Scotland –became king of England when Elizabeth died (becomes James I of England) –divine right of kings – kings receive power from God, only responsible to God for actions –conflict w/ Parliament – Scotland- King has almost total power England- King/queen and Parliament ruled together Puritans – Protestants wanted Church more Protestant (purify the Church) –conflict w/ king (went to America – Pilgrims)

Horrible Histories- James, the Highwayman v_6JMhttp:// v_6JM

James I

English Civil War Charles I fought Parliament/Puritans – (tried to arrest members of Parliament for treason) –1642 war between king and Parliament led by Oliver Cromwell –Roundheads (Cromwell) defeated cavaliers (royalists) –had Charles I killed January 30, 1649 (scared Europe) Cromwell military dictator until he died Parliament- back to power, restored king (Charles II) –Charles II was son of Charles I James II (son of Charles I)- Catholic, C. son, P. daughters –Parliament wanted to get rid of James –invited his daughter Mary and her husband, William of Orange (Dutch leader) to “invade” England

English Civil War

The House of Stuart- Queen Anne was the last reigning Stuart. The House of Hanover- inherited the throne after the Stuarts

Glorious Revolution W&M “invaded” – James II & his family fled, –“Glorious Revolution”- very little bloodshed W&M officially king/queen – after signing Bill of Rights which said: Parliament made laws, set taxes, consented to army citizens could have guns, have jury trial, habeas corpus (set foundation for limited/constitutional monarchy) Thomas Hobbes horrified by revolutions –wrote Leviathan- humans obsessed w/ self-preservation –need strong gov’t to protect citizens –saw life as “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short”

Glorious Revolution

Modern British stamps paying tribute to rulers of their past…..The House of Stuart. Please remember- Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots was killed by Queen Elizabeth I (yes, many reasons involved) however Mary Stuart’s son became King of England and ironically a Scottish King was crowned King of England.

(You don’t have to copy) …. for review…. English Royal succession: –Elizabeth I (Tudor)- no child (end of Tudor line) –James I (Stuart) -nephew of Elizabeth –Charles I (Stuart) son of James I- beheaded –Oliver Cromwell- military dictator –Charles II (Stuart) son of Charles I –James II (Stuart) brother of Charles II –William & Mary of Orange- daughter of James II –Anne (younger sister of Mary) daughter of James II *End of “protestant” Stuart line…only heir was Anne’s half-brother who was Catholic. Parliament had created a law forbidding any non-protestant from ruling. *Protestant cousins of Stuarts- House of Hanover begins (from German province of Hanover from WITHIN the Holy Roman Empire).

Fun Facts: George I -couldn’t speak English very well when crowned (thus prime ministers gained power), there were over 50 royals who had more claim to the throne over George I, but they were all catholic. George III- King during American Revolution, city of Charlotte is named after his wife, and notice where she was from…..thus, we live in Mecklenburg County

Take 5 minutes and (IN YOUR NOTES) explain the following: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Explain the reason for the… : 1. English Civil War 2. Restoration of Stuarts on English throne 3. Glorious Revolution with William & Mary

Assignment after the notes: Complete the following chart on the absolute rulers of Europe

Henry IV Phillip II Elizabeth I James I et sons William /Mary Louis XIV Frederick William Peter the Great Political Achieve- ments Became king of England Religious Policy Conflict w/ Puritans -Divine right of kings Military success or failure Failure of Charles I against Roundheads Domestic policy Conflict with Parliament, Divine right of kings Foreign policy Closer ties to France Innova- tions Charles I first king to be tried and killed by people kingdom at monarch’s death divided

End of material for Unit 4… TEST Is TUESDAY Mrs. Varghese will review with you Monday

Monday’s Activity- Epitaph for Absolutists Create an epitaph for an absolute monarch! Include: -Name -Date they ruled or lived -Country -Visual/Symbol -Catchy sentences with at least 3 additional facts about the person and what they did. Must be in color, must draw the actual headstone/gravestone, must be attractive, accurate… Let’s hang these in the hallway!