Landforms and Resources Chapter 12, Section 1 Landforms and Resources

Vocabulary Fjords Uplands Meseta Massif Central peat

Human Perspective Elephants in the Alps? 218 Hannibal invaded the Italian peninsula to attack Rome from Carthage in North Africa Crossed the Mediterranean on rafts 60,000 troops, 38 war elephants Arrived in the peninsula with 26,000 and just a few elephants Defeated Rome in many battles, but never was able to win the War 3

Peninsulas and Islands Peninsula of Peninsulas Scandinavian Fjords Jutland Iberian Italian Balkan Islands What geographic advantages do islands have for trade? Europe is sometimes called a peninsula of peninsulas The Scandinavian Peninsula is the area of Europe most affected by glaciation during the Ice Age-thin, rocky soil Fjords are deep canyon scraped out by glaciers and later filled by rising seas—excellent harbors The Jutland Peninsula forms most of Denmark and part of Germany, an extension of the North European Plain There are three southern peninsulas Iberian-bordered by the Pyrenees Italian-boot 4,700 miles of coastline Balkan, or Greek—mountainous, so difficult for transportation Europe also has many islands: Great Britain, Iceland, Ireland Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Crete 4

Mountains and Uplands Barrier to movement and affect climates Alps Pyrenees Apennines Carpathians Balkans Massif Central Meseta The mountains and uplands of Europe are barriers to movement and affect climates The Alps are the most famous mountain chain in Europe and maybe the World Pyrenees, Carpathians, Apennines Besides blocking off the Balkan Peninsula from the rest of Europe, the Balkan Mountains also have tended to isolate the many ethnic groups in the area Uplands are hills or very low mountains that may also contains mesas and high plateaus. Northern Highlands Central Uplands Germany Meseta, the Central Plateau of Spain Massif Central south Central France 5

Rivers: Europe’s Links How might rivers have aided in Europe’s rise to world domination and Empire? Europe has many rivers that are used to transport goods between coastal harbors (ports) and the inland regions, aiding economic growth AND the movement of ideas. The Rhine (820 miles) connects Europe to the North Sea, the Danube (1,771 miles) connects these areas to the Black Sea. Many are navigable (deep enough for ships to travel through) and are connected by canals. Through history, these rivers helped connected Europeans to the rest of the World, encouraging both trade and travel. As a result they explored and migrated to many other world regions. 6

Fertile Plains: Europe’s Bounty North European plain is one of the most fertile agricultural regions in the World. However, it has also been easily crossed by armies. Other, smaller plains exist in Sweden, Hungary, northern Italy (Lombardy) 7

Resources Shape Europe’s Economy What type of pollution might industry create? Europe has the significant deposits of the two main resources needed for the Industrial Revolution: Coal and Iron Ore. Used to make steel. Ruhr, Alsace Lorraine, and central England Plus good transportation. New deposits of Oil and Natural gas have been found beneath the North Sea About 33% of land is good for farming. World Average is 11%. 8

Resources Shape Life Resource determine the food you eat, the materials your houses are made from, and even the culture. (Deep, dark forests) There are also regional differences within Europe: Ireland, for example has no energy resources (coal, oil, or natural gas). So, they use peat. Partially decayed plant matter found in bogs (a form of wetland). In other places coal is so plentiful, miners families have worked in mines for generations. 9

Which of these countries is located on the Iberian Peninsula? Spain Sweden Greece Italy 1. 10

2. Which River is the longest in Europe? a. Rhine b. Tagus c. Elbe d. Danube

3. About what percentage of Europe’s land is arable (suitable for agriculture)? a. 50% b. 33% c. 10% d. 5%