11.1 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 11: Introducing WINS, DNS, and RRAS  Domain Name System (DNS) is the main name resolution service for Windows Server 2003  DNS servers, also referred to as DNS name servers, perform the task of name resolution to convert host names to IP addresses  The DNS namespace  Has a hierarchical structure  The nodes in this hierarchical structure are called domains  As you add more domains to the DNS hierarchy, the name of the parent domain is added to the child domain or sub- domain Understanding the Domain Name System (DNS) (Skill 2)

11.2 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 11: Introducing WINS, DNS, and RRAS Understanding the Domain Name System (DNS) (2)  DNS hierarchy  The domain at the top is called a root domain and is represented by a trailing period  The child domain of the root domain is called a top-level domain  The child domain of a top-level domain is called a second- level domain  A host name is at the bottom of the DNS hierarchy and designates a particular computer  A fully qualified domain name (FQDN) includes a domain name in addition to a host name (Skill 2)

11.3 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 11: Introducing WINS, DNS, and RRAS Figure The DNS hierarchy (Skill 2)

11.4 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 11: Introducing WINS, DNS, and RRAS Figure A FQDN (Skill 2)

11.5 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 11: Introducing WINS, DNS, and RRAS  On a small network, a DNS server may contain just one database file that stores all of the name-to-IP-address resolution data  In larger networks, it may be necessary to create zones  Zone are distinct, contiguous segments of the DNS namespace  Servers in each zone store records about the resources in that zone in a file called a zone database file  A zone database file contains various types of resource records Understanding the Domain Name System (DNS) (3) (Skill 2)

11.6 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 11: Introducing WINS, DNS, and RRAS  When multiple DNS servers are created in a standard DNS zone, there are two kinds of DNS database files: primary and secondary  Primary database file  Modifications can be made only to the primary database file  Zone transfers occur to replicate any changes to the primary zone database file to the secondary zone database file  Secondary database file servers  Reduce the traffic and query load on the primary database zone server  Provide redundancy so that if the authoritative server is down, the secondary database file servers can service requests Understanding the Domain Name System (DNS) (4) (Skill 2)

11.7 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 11: Introducing WINS, DNS, and RRAS Figure The DNS namespace subdivided into zones (Skill 2)

11.8 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 11: Introducing WINS, DNS, and RRAS Figure in-addr.arpa (Skill 3)

11.9 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 11: Introducing WINS, DNS, and RRAS Figure Resolving a host name to an IP address (Skill 3)