UNIT I

What are the causes and nature of adult death locally, nationally and globally and how can these factors be reduced? What are the factors that influence health status within a community? How does an individual’s health literacy and access to healthcare impact personal health status? What factors influence an individual’s access to healthcare and insurance at the national and global level? How does governmental policy and politics impact personal health and the health of society? How do advancements in research, technology and healthcare impact the current status and future of health? ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS

1.Diseases of heart 2.Malignant neoplasms 3.Chronic lower respiratory diseases 4.Cerebrovascular diseases 5.Accidents (unintentional injuries) 6.Alzheimer’s disease 7.Diabetes 8.Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis 9.Influenza and pneumonia 10.Intentional self-harm (suicide) 11.Septicemia 12.Chronic liver disease 13.Hypertension 14.Parkinson’s disease 15.Pneumonitis Top 15 Causes of ADULT Death (USA, 2010) The leading causes of death in 2010 remained the same as in 2009 for 14 of the 15 leading causes, although two causes exchanged ranks. Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis, the ninth leading cause in 2009, became the eighth leading cause in 2010, while Influenza and pneumonia, the eighth leading cause in 2009, became the ninth leading cause of death in Dropping from among the 15 leading causes of death in 2010 was Assault (homicide), replaced by Pneumonitis due to solids and liquids as the 15th leading cause of death in emphyzema bronchitis cancer stroke kidneys Blood poisoning High Blood Pressure

Top 15 Causes of TEEN Death (USA 2009) AGES Unintentional injuries 2.Malignant Neoplasm 3.Homicide 4.Suicide 5.Congenital Anomalies 6.Influenza & Pneumonia 7.Heart Disease 8.Respiratory Disease 9.Benign Neoplasm 10. Cerebrovascular AGES Unintentional injuries 2.Suicide 3.Homicide 4.Malignant Neoplasm 5.Heart Disease 6.HIV 7.Influenza & Pneumonia 8.Diabetes 9.Cerebrovascular 10.Liver Disease

GLOBAL leading causes of death (2008) WorldDeaths in millions% of deaths Heart disease % Stroke and other cerebrovascular disease % Lower respiratory infections % Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease % Diarrhoeal diseases % HIV/AIDS % Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers % Tuberculosis % Diabetes % Road traffic accidents %

How many people die every year? During 2008, an estimated 57 million people died. What is the global average life expectancy age? 68 years is the average life expectancy at birth of the global population in 2009 What is the number one cause of death throughout the world? Cardiovascular diseases kill more people each year than any others. In 2008, 7.3 million people died of heart disease, 6.2 million from stroke or another form of cerebrovascular disease. FACTS

September 8, 2012 …A 77-year-old Burlington County man is the first New Jersey resident to die this year from the mosquito-borne West Nile virus, authorities said Friday. The death was reported as state and local agencies ramped up efforts to combat the virus, and New Jersey health officials announced that the number of confirmed virus cases had jumped from eight last week to 15. In Pennsylvania, 16 residents have tested positive for the virus; one, an elderly Luzerne County man, died, officials said. LOCAL HEALTH ISSUES… What health concerns effect you?