Biological Sequence Analysis 140.638.01. The materials used in this class are made possible by: Zhiping Weng, Wenyi.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Unit #3 Schedule: Last Class: – Sanger Sequencing – Central Dogma Overview – Mutation Today: – Homework 5 – StudyNotes 8a Due – Transcription, RNA Processing,
Advertisements

Tutorial 1 Biology background for the course. Genome sizes and number of genes OrganismGenome SizeNo. of genes E. coli4.6 Mb~4,300 genes Baker’s Yeast12.
Intro to Molecular Genetics RNA & Protein Synthesis 3/16/2011.
A Molecular Biology primer….. Genetic information is carried on nucleic acids - DNA &RNA.
Introduction to Bioinformatics Spring 2008 Yana Kortsarts, Computer Science Department Bob Morris, Biology Department.
ECE 501 Introduction to BME
The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology (Things are not really this simple) Genetic information is stored in our DNA (~ 3 billion bp) The DNA of a.
Bioinformatics Original definition (1979 by Paulien Hogeweg): “application of information technology and computer science to the field of molecular biology”
Chromosomes carry genetic information
Lecture Objectives Define Terms: Transcription, Translation, nucleic acid, amino acid, DNA, RNA, mRNA, cDNA, “ATCG”, Gene, Genomics, Protein, Proteomics,
FROM GENE TO PROTEIN: TRANSCRIPTION & RNA PROCESSING Chapter 17.
Express yourself That darn ribosome Mighty Mighty Proteins Mutants RNA to the Rescue
Unit 7 Vocabulary Watson & Crick What are the 3 parts of RNA?
How Proteins are Made. I. Decoding the Information in DNA A. Gene – sequence of DNA nucleotides within section of a chromosome that contain instructions.
Chapter 13.2 (Pgs ): Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis
Molecular Genetics DNA Structure  Nucleotides  Consist of a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base 12.1 DNA: The Genetic Material.
RNA and Protein Synthesis
RNA and Protein Synthesis
You should be able to label these pictures Label the following: –RNA polymerase –DNA –mRNA –tRNA –5’ end –3’ end –Amino acid –Ribosome –Polypeptide chain.
DNA Structure & Function. Perspective They knew where genes were (Morgan) They knew what chromosomes were made of Proteins & nucleic acids They didn’t.
Protein Synthesis: DNA CONTAINS THE GENETIC INFORMATION TO PRODUCE PROTEINS BUT MUST FIRST BE CONVERTED TO RND TO DO SO.
Chapter 13. The Central Dogma of Biology: RNA Structure: 1. It is a nucleic acid. 2. It is made of monomers called nucleotides 3. There are two differences.
Molecular Biology in a Nutshell (via UCSC Genome Browser) Personalized Medicine: Understanding Your Own Genome Fall 2014.
Chromosome Abnormalities Non-disjunction during meiosis can cause a gamete to have an extra chromosome Trisomy = three copies of the same chromosome. Most.
DNA TO RNA Transcription is the process of creating a molecule that can carry the genetic blueprint for a particular protein coding gene from the DNA.
Predicting protein degradation rates Karen Page. The central dogma DNA RNA protein Transcription Translation The expression of genetic information stored.
Review of Protein Synthesis. Fig TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION DNA mRNA Ribosome Polypeptide (a) Bacterial cell Nuclear envelope TRANSCRIPTION RNA PROCESSING.
LECTURE CONNECTIONS 14 | RNA Molecules and RNA Processing © 2009 W. H. Freeman and Company.
1 Unit 4 The Code of Life. 2 Topic 3 Gene Expression.
 The central concept in biology is:  DNA determines what protein is made  RNA takes instructions from DNA  RNA programs the production of protein.
Protein Synthesis: Protein Synthesis: Translation and Transcription EQ: What is the Central Dogma and what processes does it involve? Describe processes.
Topics in Bioinformatics CS832b Bin Ma. Lecture 1: Basic.
Introduction to Bioinformatics Algorithms Algorithms for Molecular Biology CSCI Elizabeth White
Genetics Review Honors Human Anatomy & Physiology Mr. Mazza
DNA in the Cell Stored in Number of Chromosomes (24 in Human Genome) Tightly coiled threads of DNA and Associated Proteins: Chromatin 3 billion bp in Human.
DNA Replication Notes. DNA Replication DNA must be copied DNA must be copied The DNA molecule produces 2 IDENTICAL new complementary strands following.
GENOME: an organism’s complete set of genetic material In humans, ~3 billion base pairs CHROMOSOME: Part of the genome; structure that holds tightly wound.
Lesson Four Structure of a Gene. Gene Structure What is a gene? Gene: a unit of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a protein(s) –Exons –Introns –Promoter.
Transcription and Translation of DNA How does DNA transmit information within the cell? PROTEINS! How do we get from DNA to protein??? The central dogma.
RNA Makin’ Proteins DNAMutations Show off those Genes!
Mutations Can Change the Meaning of Genes CH 11 Section 6.
DNA What is the Function of DNA?. Nucleic Acids : Vocab Translation page 183Translation Transcription Protein Synthesis RNA DNA Complementary Introns.
The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology DNA  RNA  Protein  Trait.
Introduction to molecular biology Data Mining Techniques.
Unit 1: DNA and the Genome Structure and function of RNA.
12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Page 300. A. Introduction 1. Chromosomes are a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of.
DNA AND GENETICS Chapter 12 Lesson 3. Essential Questions What is DNA? What is the role of RNA in protein production? How do changes in the sequence of.
Genetic Code and Interrupted Gene Chapter 4. Genetic Code and Interrupted Gene Aala A. Abulfaraj.
SC.912.L.16.3 DNA Replication. – During DNA replication, a double-stranded DNA molecule divides into two single strands. New nucleotides bond to each.
DNA/RNA Test Review 1. What are produced through the translation process? 2. Transcribe this DNA segment, AATCGC, to mRNA. 3. What are the three components.
Modern genetics.
Molecular Genetics Transcription & Translation
Lesson Four Structure of a Gene.
Lesson Four Structure of a Gene.
From DNA to Proteins Transcription.
BTY100-Lec#4.2 DNA to Protein (Central Dogma).
RNA and Protein Synthesis
RNA and Protein Synthesis
MUTATIONS.
Protein Synthesis in Detail
How Proteins are Made.
Week 6 Vocab Definitions
Central Dogma Central Dogma categorized by: DNA Replication Transcription Translation From that, we find the flow of.
How genes on a chromosome determine what proteins to make
RNA and Protein Synthesis
MUTATIONS.
Making Proteins Transcription Translation.
Unit 7 Part 2 Notes: From Gene to Protein
MUTATIONS.
DNA Replication vs. Protein Synthesis
Presentation transcript:

Biological Sequence Analysis

The materials used in this class are made possible by: Zhiping Weng, Wenyi Wang Zhijin Wu Garland publishing, Alberts’s the Cell And the wealth of internet resources

Who are we? Sining Chen Carlo Colantuoni Giovanni Parmigiani

Who are you? Field of research Stats & computing background Register or audit Why are you taking this course Specific topics you are interested

tm Administrative Details

The MHS program in Bioinfo Jointly offered by Dept. Biostatistics and Molecular Microbiology and Immunology An intensive one-year program that emphasizes biology, statistical methods, and computing

Goal of the class Learn to look at biological sequences from a probabilistic point of view Understand algorithms behind routine operations, e.g. BLAST. Be able to build statistical model to solve problems involving sequences

Carlo Colantuoni Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, NIMH, NIH Dept. Biostatistics, JHSPH Biological Sequence Analysis: Basic Biological Concepts

Molecular Cell Biology: Central Dogma RNA Protein Sequence analysis important at all 3 levels Transcription Translation DNA Replication

The Human Genome DADMOM YOU 2 copies in every cell (46 chr) One copy from each parent Each parent passes on a “mixed copy” Genomic Content: 3.3 billion bases ~30K genes 23 chromosomes (22+X/Y) Millions of variants

Nucleotides are the chemical building block of Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA

Nucleotides are the chemical building block of Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA

From Genomic DNA to mRNA Transcripts EXONSINTRONS Alternative splicing ~30K >30K Protein-coding genes are not easy to find - gene density is low, and exons are interrupted by introns. Promoters Poly-Adenylation

AAAAA STARTSTOP protein coding 5’ UTR 3’ UTR mRNA Genomic DNA 3.3 Gb Protein Molecular Cell Biology: Components of the Central Dogma Transcription Translation

DNA: A T G C 1:1 RNA: A U G C 3:1 Protein: 20 amino acids Transcription Translation Replication Translation - Protein Synthesis: Every 3 nucleotides (codon) are translated into one amino acid

Translation - Protein Synthesis 5’ -> 3’ : N-term -> C-term RNA Protein

Nucleotide sequence determines the amino acid sequence

The Human Genome DADMOM YOU 2 copies in every cell One copy from each parent Each parent passes on a “mixed copy” Genomic Content: 3.3 billion bases ~30K genes 23 chromosomes (22+X/Y) Deletions Insertions Mutations Evolutionary Scale

Biological Sequence Analysis: Primary Concepts Homologue Paralogue Ortholog Identity & Similarity

Feedback: Privacy Policy Feedback
Do Not Sell My Personal Information
About project: SlidePlayer Terms of Service

© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc. All rights reserved.