Atoms Elements Molecules Compounds Ions Organic vs. Inorganic

 Smallest:  Atom Basic building block of all matter Made of protons +, electrons -, and neutrons 0.  Element Substance that consists of only one type of atom

 A bit larger now:  Molecule Made of more than one atom. Ex) O 2 Ex) CO 2 Ex) H 2 O Ex) C 6 H 12 O 6

 Can be the same size as molecules:  Compound Made of more than one type of atom. Ex) O 2 Ex) CO 2 Ex) H 2 O Ex) C 6 H 12 O 6

 An atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative charge.  Ex) Hydrogen ion When a hydrogen loses an electron, there is only 1 proton left  H +  Ex) Lithium ion If lithium loses one electron, then there will be 3 protons (+) and 2 electrons (-)  Li +

 Inorganic carbon  compounds from minerals in the Earth  Usually the carbon comes along with a non- metallic element *(usually not combined with hydrogen)  Ex) CO 2 and CO  Organic carbon  compounds derived from plants or animals.  Usually contain both carbon and hydrogen  Ex) carbohydrates (glucose: C 6 H 12 O 6 ), protein, fats, nucleic acids.

 Plants convert inorganic carbon into organic carbon. Energy  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  This is a chemical reaction:  The process of changing substances by breaking chemical bonds.